Gastric mucosal protective agent

Bad eating habits have caused many people to suffer from gastrointestinal diseases. Many stomach problems are caused by lesions in the gastric mucosa. Gastric mucosal protectants are needed when treating stomach problems. Gastric mucosal protective agents have many functions and can also prevent gastric mucosal damage. There are many types of gastric mucosal damage, so they should be used under the guidance of a doctor.

Gastric mucosal protective agents refer to drugs that can prevent and treat gastric mucosal damage, protect gastric mucosa, and promote tissue repair and ulcer healing. There are many types of gastric mucosal protective agents. Some have both anti-acid effects, such as alkaline bismuth carbonate; some also have the effect of killing Helicobacter pylori, such as potassium bismuth citrate and colloidal bismuth pectin.

They can be roughly divided into the following categories:

① Colloidal bismuth agents. This type of drug has colloidal properties. After the small molecular acid radicals (such as citrate, nitrate, and carbonate) in the bismuth agent are replaced by macromolecular pectinic acid, the colloidal properties are enhanced. In an acidic environment, it can form a high-viscosity sol, which has a strong affinity with the ulcer surface and the inflamed surface. It can form a firm protective film on the surface of the gastric mucosa, enhance the barrier function of the gastric mucosa, and have a good therapeutic effect on peptic ulcers and chronic inflammation.

② Prostaglandins and their derivatives, such as misoprostol. This type of drug has a strong cytoprotective effect and can reduce gastric acid secretion by lowering cellular cAmp levels, thereby exerting an anti-ulcer effect.

③Others, such as sucralfate, gefuroxime, etc., protect the gastric mucosa and promote ulcer healing through different mechanisms.

Adverse Reactions

Gastric mucosal protective agents can cause constipation. Due to the insolubility and local action of bismuth, an ammonia smell may be left in the mouth while the medication is in use, and the tongue and stool may turn black and the teeth may temporarily change color, which will disappear on their own after the medication is stopped. Sucralfate is less absorbed after administration, so there are fewer adverse reactions, but gastrointestinal reactions such as abdominal distension and diarrhea may occur.

Precautions

Bismuth is contraindicated in patients with severe renal insufficiency and pregnant women. Sucralfate and bismuth have a protective effect on the gastric and duodenal mucosa in an acidic environment, so they should not be used in combination with alkaline drugs. Acid suppressants such as H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors reduce gastric acid secretion and may interfere with the absorption of sucralfate and bismuth, so they should not be used together. To prevent bismuth poisoning, the two bismuth agents should not be used together.