Pediatric Neurology

We all know that because the causes of patients' illnesses are different, when you go to the hospital to see a doctor, you will be arranged to go to different departments according to the patient's condition. Because each department is used to treat different diseases, and each doctor has his own area of ​​expertise. Many children will be admitted to the psychiatry department because of mental illness. So what does pediatric psychiatry mainly treat?

Neurology does not belong to the concept of internal medicine. The nervous system is composed of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Mainly diagnose and treat cerebrovascular diseases, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, migraine, brain inflammatory diseases, encephalitis, myelitis, epilepsy, dementia, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases and genetic diseases, trigeminal neuralgia, sciatica, peripheral neuropathy, numbness and weakness of the limbs and myasthenia gravis, etc.

Commonly used drugs in neurology clinical practice

Reduce intracranial pressure and dehydration, diuretics

1. Mannitol (Mannitolum, D-mannitol)

Pharmacological action: Hyperosmotic diuresis, reducing intracranial pressure by producing tissue dehydration. The effect becomes apparent about 20-30 minutes after intravenous injection, reaches its peak in 2-3 hours, and lasts for 6-8 hours. In ischemic cerebrovascular disease, it can scavenge free radicals, reduce blood viscosity and improve blood circulation.

Uses: 1. For the treatment of cerebral edema and glaucoma; 2. For edema caused by large-area burns and scalds;

Usage: intravenous drip of 20% solution 250-500ml, speed of 10ml per minute, repeat every 4-6 hours as needed.

Note: 1. Injecting too quickly may cause transient headache, dizziness, and pain at the injection site; 2. Use with caution in patients with impaired heart and kidney function; 3. Allergic reactions; 4. Crystals are easily precipitated when the temperature is low.

Drugs to reduce intracranial pressure, dehydration, and diuretics

2. Glycerosteril (10% Glycerosteril)

Pharmacological action: 1. Hypertonic dehydration;

2. Utilize the energy generated by glycerol metabolism.

Improve metabolism and have no effect on electrolyte balance in the body

Adverse effects.

Uses: Dehydration and intracranial pressure reduction

Usage: intravenous drip, 200-500ml each time for adults, 1-2 times a day, 200ml takes 2.5-3 hours to complete.

Note: Too fast intravenous infusion may cause hemolysis and hemoglobinuria

Reduce intracranial pressure and dehydration, diuretics

3. Acetazolamide

Also known as acetazolamide, acetazolamide, Diamox

Pharmacological action: It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is well absorbed orally, takes effect 30 minutes after taking the medicine, reaches its peak in 2 hours, and lasts for 12 hours.

Uses: Cardiogenic edema, cerebral edema, epileptic seizures

Usage: For the treatment of cerebral edema, 0.25g/time, bid-tid, best effect is achieved after breakfast

Note: 1. The following adverse reactions may occur: granulocytopenia, drowsiness, numbness of the face and limbs, and hypokalemia. 2. Avoid using calcium, iodine and broad-spectrum antibiotics at the same time. It should not be used together with anticholine drugs and procaine. 3. Patients with high calcium levels need to follow a low-calcium diet.