Nursing measures for electrolyte imbalance

The world is in a state of balance. The human body is also in a state of balance. Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes "yin ping yang mi", which means that the human body will be healthy only when yin and yang are in harmony and peace. The human body will become sick if the yin is excessive and the yang is insufficient or the yang is excessive and the yin is insufficient. Western medicine focuses on the balance of electrolytes. The body will be healthy only when the pressure inside and outside the cells is appropriate and the acidity and alkalinity of the human body are balanced. But in life, people are often in a state of electrolyte imbalance, so what should we do?

The main cations in human plasma are Na, K, Ca, and Mg, which play a decisive role in maintaining the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid, the distribution and transfer of body fluids; the main anions in the extracellular fluid are Cl- and HCO3-, which, in addition to maintaining the tension of body fluids, also play an important role in maintaining acid-base balance. Normally, the total number of anions in body fluids is equal to the total number of cations, maintaining electrical neutrality. When the amount of any electrolyte changes, it will cause different body damages, that is, electrolyte disorder.

Common causes of electrolyte disorders: sodium metabolism disorder, potassium metabolism disorder, calcium metabolism disorder, magnesium ion metabolism disorder

Common symptoms of electrolyte imbalance: hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hypermagnesemia

The key to treatment is to promptly and thoroughly treat the electrolyte imbalance according to the cause, such as correcting the acid-base balance and electrolyte imbalance. When treating hypokalemia, remove the cause of hypokalemia and prevent hyperkalemia during the potassium supplementation process. Generally, clinical symptoms will recover as potassium is supplemented. If convulsions occur, attention should be paid to whether there are other electrolyte changes, especially the regulation of blood calcium. Antipsychotic drugs should be used with caution to prevent disturbance of consciousness. In case of hyperkalemia, the treatment principle is not only to target the cause, but also to fight potassium poisoning, promote the excretion of potassium ions, and protect myocardial function. For hyponatremia, attention should be paid to sodium supplementation, while for hypernatremia, water supplementation should be monitored and calculated.

Maintain the function of the cardiovascular system and provide large amounts of vitamins and neurotrophic substances to promote the recovery of brain cell function, such as glutamate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), coenzyme A, niacin, etc. There is generally no special treatment for mental disorders. Anti-anxiety and antidepressant drugs can be used symptomatically when necessary. Psychotropic drugs should be used with caution, and care should be taken to avoid further damage to related organs, deepening of consciousness disorders or damage to the functions of other organs.