How to read the white blood cell index in urine routine

What is the normal standard for the white blood cell index in urine routine? Many people don’t know how to understand the results of these tests. In fact, if you want to know whether your test results are passed, you should also pay attention to the reference values. Generally, if the result is negative, you don’t need to worry, but if it is positive, then you should pay attention to it, especially if it is caused by some disease problems, you should actively treat it.

1. Urine protein (PRO)

The amount of urinary protein in a normal person's 24-hour urine is extremely small and cannot usually be detected using general qualitative methods. When glomerular permeability is hyperfunctioning (nephritis) or there is too much low-molecular protein in the plasma, the protein enters the urine and exceeds the reabsorption capacity of the renal tubules, proteinuria will occur. In addition, when the proximal tubular epithelial cells are damaged and the reabsorption capacity is reduced or lost, proteinuria will also occur. Qualitative: negative Quantitative: 20-80 mg/24h Urine protein When the qualitative test is positive or the quantitative test is >150 mg/24h, it is called proteinuria

2. Physiological proteinuria

It is caused by strenuous exercise, fever, low temperature stimulation, and mental stress. It lasts for a short time and disappears after the cause is removed. Pregnant women may also have mild proteinuria.

3. Pathological proteinuria

(1) Glomerular proteinuria: It is the most common type of proteinuria. It is seen in acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal tumors, diabetic glomerulosclerosis, lupus nephritis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis, renal artery sclerosis, renal vein thrombosis, heart failure, etc. Urinary protein is usually < 3 g/24 hours but may reach > 20 g/24 hours (nephrotic syndrome).

(2) Tubular proteinuria: It is usually composed mainly of low molecular weight proteins (β-microglobulin), and is common in active pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis, renal tubular acidosis, and renal tubular heavy metal (mercury, lead, cadmium) damage.

(3) Mixed proteinuria: Both the glomeruli and renal tubules are damaged. It is seen in chronic nephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, etc.

(4) Overflow proteinuria: The kidneys are normal, but there is a large amount of abnormal protein in the blood. It is seen in multiple myeloma, essential macroglobulinemia, severe skeletal muscle damage and massive myocardial infarction.

(5) Drug-induced nephrotoxic proteinuria: application of aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin), polypeptide antibiotics (polymyxin), anti-tumor drugs (methotrexate), antifungal drugs (grizofulvin), antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine), etc.