Metronidazole sustained-release tablets

The female urethra is relatively short, about 3-4 cm. The external opening of the urethra is close to the vaginal opening and anus, and is easily contaminated by vaginal secretions and feces. Especially when women suffer from bacterial vaginosis, they are more likely to develop bacterial urethritis. Female bacterial urethritis is a common urinary tract infection in women. Common pathogens that cause bacterial urethritis in women include Escherichia coli, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Urine culture can be used clinically to diagnose urethritis and determine the type of bacteria causing the disease. Now let's take a look at the effects and functions of metronidazole sustained-release tablets!

1. Main functions and indications: Treatment of bacterial vaginosis in women.

2. Dosage and Administration: Oral administration, 750 mg (1 tablet) at a time, once a day, for seven consecutive days, seven days as a course of treatment. Metronidazole extended-release tablets should be taken whole on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. Taking this medicine on an empty stomach can maintain the best sustained-release properties.

3. Chemical composition: Metronidazole.

4. Pharmacological action: After entering the body, metronidazole is affected by intracellular ion transporters, forming a concentration gradient that promotes the transport of the drug into the cells. The drug forms free radicals inside the cell, which in turn react with intracellular components and ultimately lead to the death of the microorganism. Gram-positive anaerobes: Clostridium, Eubacterium, Peptococcus nigra, Peptostreptococcus. Gram-negative anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis (type species, Bacteroides divaricata, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides vulgaris), Prevotella (Prevotella bilus, Prevotella buccalis, Prevotella saccharolyticus), Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium. Parasitic protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis.

5. Adverse Reactions: In two multicenter clinical studies, 270 patients took metronidazole sustained-release tablets orally, 750 mg at a time, once a day, for 7 consecutive days. 287 patients were given the control drug intravaginally once a day for 7 consecutive days. The majority of adverse events were mild to moderate, with severe adverse events occurring in 10% of patients complaining of headache and less than 2% of patients complaining of nausea receiving metronidazole. 9% complained of a metallic taste in the mouth. Vulvar and vaginal candidiasis is caused by multiple antimicrobial therapy. In this multicenter clinical trial, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of yeast vaginitis between the experimental group and the control group. The following adverse reactions have also been reported during metronidazole treatment: Central nervous system: Two serious adverse reactions reported in patients receiving metronidazole were seizures and peripheral neuritis, the latter of which was mainly manifested by numbness and paresthesia in the extremities. Because persistent peripheral neuritis has been reported in some patients receiving long-term metronidazole treatment, patients should be specifically warned of these side effects and should promptly discontinue the drug and report any neurologic symptoms to their physician. Additionally, dizziness, vertigo, ataxia, irritability, confusion, depression, weakness, and insomnia have been reported in patients. Gastrointestinal: The most common adverse reactions are related to the gastrointestinal tract, with approximately 12% of patients experiencing significant nausea, sometimes accompanied by headache, anorexia, occasional vomiting, diarrhea, upper abdominal pain and upper abdominal cramps. Constipation has also been reported. Thick tongue coating, glossitis, and stomatitis may also occur, which may be related to the sudden proliferation of Candida species during treatment. There are rare reports of pancreatitis during drug withdrawal. Hematopoietic system: Reversible leukopenia and rarely reversible thrombocytopenia. Cardiovascular system: Flat T waves can be seen on the electrocardiogram. Allergic symptoms: urticaria, erythematous rash, facial flushing, nasal congestion, dry mouth, vaginal or vulvar dryness, and fever. Kidney: Symptoms include dysuria, cystitis, polyuria, urinary incontinence, and pelvic pressure. Dark urine is reported in approximately 1 in 100,000 cases. Although the exact pigment has not yet been identified, it is almost certainly a metabolite of metronidazole and does not appear to be clinically significant at this time. Other: Other symptoms include vaginal candidal overgrowth, dyspareunia, decreased libido, proctitis, and transient arthralgia similar to serum sickness. Patients receiving metronidazole may experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, facial flushing, or headache if they consume alcoholic beverages. There have also been reports of changes in the taste of alcoholic beverages. Patients with Crohn's disease have an increased incidence of gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal tumors. Medical literature reports breast cancer and colon cancer in Crohn's disease patients who took metronidazole in large doses over a long period of time. Crohn's disease is not a routine indication for metronidazole extended-release tablets.

6. Contraindications

1. Those who are allergic to metronidazole or other nitroimidazole derivatives.

2. Women who are pregnant for less than three months.