Precautions for platelet transfusion

In life, we can see voluntary blood donation vehicles or blood donation stations everywhere. Many people are willing to voluntarily donate blood for free, which is a spirit worthy of our admiration. For the human body, appropriate blood donation is actually beneficial because it can promote the production of new blood in the body and bring new vitality. Donating blood is a good thing, and we should encourage more volunteers to contribute their efforts to those in need. Everyone's blood type is different, and the needs of various hospitals or patients may also be different. Let's take a look at what we should pay attention to when transfusing platelets.

Before platelet transfusion, you should understand the transfusion precautions to ensure that the condition is effectively controlled.

1. Mix thoroughly before use : Platelet patients should gently shake the blood bag before platelet transfusion to mix the platelets and plasma thoroughly. A standard Y-shaped blood transfusion set should be used during transfusion.

2. Transfuse as soon as possible : If concentrated platelets are prepared from whole blood, multiple units should be combined and transfused as soon as possible within 4 hours to avoid bacterial contamination. If transfusion is not timely, they should be temporarily stored at room temperature. Storing them in a 4°C blood storage refrigerator can reduce the function of platelets.

3. Closely monitor the patient's condition : Platelets should generally be transfused within 30 minutes. The patient's condition should be closely monitored during the infusion process. The infusion rate should be slowed down as appropriate for infants, the elderly, and patients with heart failure.

4. Transfusion of ABO-homotype platelets : Because there are ABO blood type antigens on the surface of platelets, the anti-A/anti-B in the recipient's body interacts with the red blood cell A/B antigens on the surface of the transfused platelets, which can lead to platelet destruction and cause hemolysis of the recipient's red blood cells. Platelets from Rh(D)-positive donors should not be transfused into Rh(D)-negative women who may become pregnant.

①. Precautions for platelet transfusion : Pre-suspension care

1.1 The optimal storage temperature of platelet suspension is 222°C and should not be refrigerated at 4°C. The pH value should be between 6.0 and 7.4, otherwise the recovery rate will be low and the survival period will be short.

1.2 Commonly used platelet products include concentrated mixed platelets and machine-collected single-donor platelets. Since the former undergoes two centrifugations to cause the platelets to aggregate into clumps, they must first be left to stand at 222°C for 1 to 2 hours to allow them to naturally disaggregate before they can be transfused.

1.3 Although machine-separated platelets can be stored at 222°C for 3 to 5 days and manually separated platelets can be stored for 1 day, the survival rate and function of platelets continue to decrease with the extension of storage time, so they should be transfused as soon as possible.

②、 Precautions for platelet transfusion : Precautions in platelet suspension

2.1 The infusion rate should be based on the patient's tolerance, generally 60 to 80 drops per minute.

2.2 During infusion, transfusion reactions should be closely observed and handled promptly to prevent fever from causing platelet consumption. For mild allergic reactions such as systemic itching, erythema, urticaria, and angioedema, close observation should be conducted, the infusion rate should be slowed down, and antihistamines or steroids should be administered orally or intramuscularly. For severe allergic reactions, stop platelet transfusion immediately, keep the intravenous channel open, and inject 0.5-1 mg of epinephrine subcutaneously for those with bronchospasm. For those with laryngeal edema, perform endotracheal intubation or tracheotomy immediately to avoid suffocation. For anaphylactic shock, active anti-shock treatment should be given.

③. Precautions for platelet transfusion : Post-suspension care

3.1 After transfusion of platelet suspension, the nurse should observe whether the patient's bleeding has been relieved and whether there is any new bleeding tendency.

3.2 Observe bleeding symptoms regularly.

Do you know something about the "Precautions for platelet transfusion"? I hope it can help everyone understand the knowledge about platelet transfusion and cure thrombocytopenia in time.