What are the complications of cerebral hemorrhage?

Cerebral hemorrhage, also known as cerebral hemorrhage, is a common disease among the elderly. The incidence rate is generally higher in winter or cold weather. The cold weather can easily cause the blood in the human body to become viscous, which can easily cause blood blockage and lead to cerebral hemorrhage. Cerebral hemorrhage will not only cause great harm to the body, but also cause some other complications, easily leading to lung diseases, or sequelae, etc.

Sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage

1. Lung infection

Pulmonary infection is one of the main complications and one of the main causes of death in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Within 3 to 5 days after cerebral hemorrhage, comatose patients often develop lung infections.

2. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

It is one of the serious complications of cerebrovascular disease, namely stress ulcer. The most common types of cerebral hemorrhage combined with upper gastrointestinal bleeding are mixed type and medial internal capsule type, accounting for 49% and 36% respectively. The mechanism of disease is caused by lesions in the hypothalamus and brainstem, and is now believed to be related to the anterior and posterior hypothalamic parts, the gray and white tubercle, and the vagus nerve nucleus in the medulla oblongata. The autonomic nerve center is in the hypothalamus, but its higher centers are in the orbital surface of the frontal lobe, the hippocampus and the limbic system. The mechanism of gastrointestinal bleeding is related to the primary or secondary lesions in the above-mentioned parts.

3. Bedsores

It is mainly caused by the body not changing its position for a long time, which causes the local skin and tissue to be compressed for too long, resulting in a series of manifestations such as ischemia and necrosis. Patients with cerebrovascular disease are mostly elderly patients with paralyzed limbs, bedridden for a long time, and have difficulty in moving. They are prone to compression of bone protrusions and other parts, causing local tissue ischemia and hypoxia.

4. Depression and anxiety reactions after cerebrovascular disease

Post-cerebrovascular depression is a common emotional disorder in cerebrovascular disease and should be given high attention in clinical practice. Compared with major depressive disorder, post-cerebrovascular depression is more likely to be mild in the morning and severe at night, while severe in the morning and mild at night are less common. The patients also have more severe symptoms of irritability, anxiety and somatization. Those with cortical damage are significantly more depressed than those with subcortical damage, and those with damage to the front of the brain are significantly more depressed than those with damage to the back.

(1) Characteristic symptoms of depressive reaction: ① Bad mood, pessimistic state of mind, and a bad self-image. ② Sleep disorders, insomnia, nightmares or early awakening. ③ Loss of appetite and loss of appetite. ④ Loss of interest and pleasure, lack of motivation and energy for everything. ⑤ Unable to take care of oneself, blaming oneself and having negative thoughts about death. ⑥ Rapid weight loss. ⑦ Low libido or even no libido.

(2) Characteristic symptoms of anxiety reaction: ① Persistent nervousness and anxiety. ② There are also psychological symptoms, such as inattention, memory loss, sensitivity to sound and irritability. ③ There are also physical symptoms, including symptoms of sympathetic nervous system excitement, such as increased blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, chest tightness, rapid breathing, irritability, restlessness, etc., and symptoms of parasympathetic nervous system excitement, such as polyuria and increased gastrointestinal activity leading to diarrhea.