What are the nursing diagnosis measures for COPD?

COPD is a relatively common lung disease in the human body. When COPD occurs, abnormal airflow is likely to occur and it is also prone to cause inflammation, which is very harmful to lung health. The diagnosis of COPD can be determined through lung examination. In addition to treatment, timely care is also needed, and try not to smoke in your life.

diagnosis

Pulmonary function tests are objective indicators for judging airflow limitation with good repeatability. They are of great significance for the diagnosis, severity evaluation, disease progression, prognosis and treatment response of acute exacerbation of COPD. Pulmonary function tests are the gold standard for diagnosing acute exacerbation of COPD.

The pulmonary function indicators for diagnosing acute exacerbation of COPD are: after using bronchodilators, FEV1 < 80% of the predicted value and FEV1/FVC < 70%, which can be determined as incompletely reversible airflow limitation. In addition to detecting FVC, spirometry can also be used to measure the content of lung gas in different inhalation or breathing states, such as vital capacity (VC), tidal volume (VT), etc.

1. FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second)

It is a test in which the patient takes a deep breath and then exhales as forcefully as possible, and the volume of gas exhaled in the first second is measured.

2. FVC (forced vital capacity) is also called forced expiratory capacity

It refers to the maximum volume of gas that can be exhaled by inhaling to the total lung volume and then exhaling to the residual volume with the greatest force and fastest speed.

3. VC (vital capacity) is also called slow vital capacity (SVC)

It refers to the maximum expiratory volume that can be achieved by slow, unforced breathing after a deep, forced inspiration to the total lung capacity. In patients with acute exacerbations of COPD, VC is often greater than FVC because of premature airway collapse and occlusion during forced expiration.

COPD Care

(1) Open windows for ventilation and regularly disinfect the indoor air, such as by fumigating with vinegar or Atractylodes lancea. Avoid the stimulation of smoke and dust, and smokers should quit smoking. In cold seasons or when the climate changes suddenly, keep warm to prevent colds and respiratory infections.

(2) Pay attention to oral and skin hygiene, wash frequently, and if there is a mild oral infection, rinse your mouth with normal saline after meals and before bed.

(3) People with a lot of phlegm should try to cough it out, especially in the early morning. Do not be afraid of coughing. For those with thick phlegm, take expectorants or nebulize to dilute the phlegm. The elderly and weak can help turn over or pat their backs to help expectorate.

(4) Exercise in a planned way every day, such as walking, jogging, practicing Tai Chi, doing Qigong, etc., so as not to feel tired and avoid overwork that may cause breathing difficulties. During the remission period, strengthen breathing exercises, such as abdominal breathing exercises. The method is: inhale through the nose and exhale through the mouth. When exhaling, purse your lips (into a fish mouth shape) and press your abdomen with your hands to exhale all the air. Use deep and slow breathing, with a frequency of 8 to 10 times per minute. Do this exercise several times a day, each time for 10 to 20 minutes. If you persist in doing this for a long time, your ventilation function will generally improve in 2 to 3 months.