What are the nursing measures for high body temperature?

High body temperature is a common condition in daily life. It is also called fever or body heat. It is generally a disease caused by colds. Care is very important when the human body has high body temperature. You can use weak cooling methods to cool down first. You can use cold compresses to cool down first. Pay attention to the body temperature and measure it with a thermometer every 4-5 hours.

Nursing measures for patients with hyperthermia:

① Strengthen observation: Measure the temperature of patients with high fever every 4 hours. After the temperature returns to normal for 3 days, change to 1 to 2 times a day.

②Bed rest: reduce the patient's energy consumption.

③ Cooling down: If the body temperature exceeds 39.0℃, you can use ice packs to cool the head; when the body temperature exceeds 39.5℃, you can use ethanol baths, warm water baths or cold compresses on the aorta. After half an hour of medication or physical cooling, body temperature should be measured and recorded.

④ Keep warm: When the body temperature rises, the room temperature should be adjusted in time, and attention should be paid to keeping warm. Hot beverages can be drunk when necessary.

⑤ Nutrition and water supplement: Provide high-calorie, high-protein, high-vitamin easily digestible liquid or semi-liquid diet, encourage patients to eat small meals frequently and drink plenty of water to replenish the large amount of water consumed, and perform intravenous infusion or nasogastric feeding when necessary.

⑥Oral care.

⑦ Skin care: prevent the occurrence of complications such as pressure sores, pneumonia, etc.

⑧Psychological care.

⑨Health education: teach the correct method of measuring body temperature, simple physical cooling methods, and the importance of rest, nutrition, drinking water and cleanliness.

reason

There are many reasons for high body temperature. The most common one is infection (including various bacterial infections, viral infections, mycoplasma infections, etc.), followed by connective tissue diseases (ie collagen diseases), malignant tumors, etc. High body temperature can be both beneficial and harmful to the human body. When the body temperature is too high, the human immune function is significantly enhanced, which is conducive to eliminating pathogens and promoting recovery from the disease. Fever is also a sign of illness. Therefore, when the body temperature is not too high, you can reduce the discomfort caused by high body temperature by drinking more water. Antibiotics (such as penicillin) are not necessary for hyperthermia caused by non-bacterial infection. Warm glucose water can have a diuretic and cooling effect. When the body temperature does not exceed 38.5°C, try to choose physical methods to control the body temperature. However, if the body temperature exceeds 40℃ (over 39℃ in children), it may cause dizziness, convulsions, shock, and even serious sequelae, so you should seek medical attention promptly. If symptoms such as convulsions occur, sedatives should be taken as prescribed by the doctor (especially children).

Hyperthermia is caused by the action of fever activators on the body, which in turn leads to the production of endogenous pyrogens (EP) and enters the brain to act on the body temperature regulation center, which in turn leads to the release of fever center mediators, which in turn causes a change in the set point and ultimately causes fever. Common fever activators include exogenous pyrogens from outside the body: bacteria, viruses, fungi, spirochetes, malarial parasites, etc.; and those from inside the body: antigen-antibody complexes, steroids, etc. Endogenous pyrogens (EP) come from EP-producing cells in the body, and their main types include: interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN), interleukin-6 (IL-6), etc. EP acts on the body temperature regulation center located in the POAH, resulting in the production of positive and negative regulatory mediators. The latter may cause a change in the set point and ultimately lead to the generation of heat.

Hyperthermia is not a disease in itself, but a symptom. In fact, it is one of the body's mechanisms for fighting infection. Fever may even have its uses: shortening the duration of illness, enhancing the effectiveness of antibiotics, and making infections less contagious. These abilities should offset the discomfort experienced when having a fever.

The etiology of fever of unknown origin is a global problem, and the cause of nearly 10% of FUO cases remains unknown. Hyperthermia itself can be caused by many types of diseases, such as infection, tumors, autoimmune diseases and blood diseases, and cannot be clearly classified.