What are the precautions for nursing patients with cerebral infarction

Cerebral infarction is a relatively common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. If the patient's condition is serious, then the later care cannot be ignored. First of all, psychological care should be carried out to enable the patient to maintain an optimistic and cheerful attitude and avoid excitement and adverse effects. In addition, good hygiene care is also very important to avoid bedsores and pneumonia. Diet should be strengthened to improve immunity.

1. Psychological care:

Communicate effectively with patients more often to make them understand the objective laws of the occurrence, development and prognosis of the disease, maintain a calm state of mind, avoid emotional excitement, communicate more with everyone, reduce mental stress, actively cooperate with treatment, and build confidence in defeating the disease.

2. General care:

The ward should be clean, quiet, with soft lighting and fresh air. A good recuperation environment and a cheerful spirit of the patient can promote metabolism, enhance appetite and the functions of various organs. Sufficient water should be provided and the patient should eat a light, easily digestible, low-fat, high-protein and high-vitamin diet. People with poor gastrointestinal function should eat small meals frequently to improve the quality of each meal. Feed through nasogastric tube when necessary and maintain oral hygiene. Take beverages regularly, drink hot water, drink less tea and coffee, and quit smoking and drinking. Pay attention to training bowel habits. If necessary, you can use glycerin suppositories, senna liquid or enema to relieve constipation.

3. Physiological and health care:

Strictly implement care for indwelling catheterization and pay attention to changes in urine volume, color, and properties. Female patients should pay attention to the cleanliness of the perineum and rinse it once a day. The patient has movement, sensory impairment, poor local blood circulation, and should pay attention to skin care. Reduce and avoid pressure, keep the bed flat and dry, turn over every 1-2 hours, massage the back, and massage the pressure areas. You can use safflower wine for massage to improve circulation and prevent compression wounds. Keep warm and avoid catching cold. Be careful to prevent burns. Keep the respiratory tract open and inhale seedling-raising gas when necessary. For those who are conscious, turning them over and emptying their backs can be encouraged to cough up sputum and can be combined with nebulizer inhalation to prevent pneumonia.

4. Diet care

Avoid eating fatty meat, animal offal, fish eggs, etc.: Eat less peanuts and other foods that are high in fat and cholesterol; avoid or use less whole milk, cream, egg yolks, fatty pork, fatty lamb, fatty beef, liver, offal, butter, lard, tallow, mutton fat, and coconut oil; do not use frying, stir-frying, or grilling for cooking. Avoid foods that are too fatty, sweet, salty, stimulating, and that increase fire and produce phlegm: consume less sweet drinks and cream cakes; avoid eating too much sauce and pickles, etc.

5. Other nursing precautions:

① Defects in self-care; ② Clearing the respiratory tract; ③ Impairments in limb movement; ④ Lack of endurance for activities; ⑤ Language communication barriers; ⑥ Anxiety; ⑦ Possibility of bedsores; ⑧ Risk of trauma; ⑨ Risk of aspiration; ⑩ Potential complications - lung infection; ⑾ Potential complications - urinary tract infection.