It takes a long time to recover after a fracture, and it is impossible for the patient to feel less pain immediately. Some patients may develop systemic complications if they are not well taken care of, and these complications may endanger the patient's life. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of these complications. Most patients need to wait three or four months before they gradually feel less pain. After suffering a violent blow, the patient may suffer from various systemic or local complications in addition to fractures. Some complications can directly endanger the patient's life and must be treated urgently. Some need to be treated simultaneously with fracture treatment, while others need to be treated after the fracture heals. Therefore, patients with fractures must undergo a thorough systemic examination to detect and properly treat various complications as early as possible. 1. Early complications and associated injuries 1. Shock is mostly traumatic shock, which is caused by severe trauma, fractures, massive bleeding, or damage to important organs. 2. Infected open fractures are prone to purulent and anaerobic infections. Generally, bacterial growth and reproduction can be observed 18 to 24 hours after bacterial infection. However, some slow-growing bacteria may not grow and reproduce until several days or weeks later. The bacterial reproduction rate is also related to factors such as the degree of injury, local tissue vitality and environmental temperature. 3. Damage to important internal organs 1) Lung injury: When a rib is fractured, the sharp fracture ends can puncture the pleura, intercostal blood vessels and lung tissue, causing closed, open or tension pneumothorax, hemothorax or hemopneumothorax. 2) Rupture of the liver or spleen: When the lower chest wall or upper abdomen is injured by strong violence, in addition to rib fractures, rupture of the liver or spleen may also occur. 3) Bladder and urethra injury: Pelvic fractures can damage the posterior urethra and bladder. If urine extravasates, it may cause pain and swelling in the lower abdomen and perineum. Although violent force applied to the costovertebral angle will not cause fractures, it is enough to cause kidney contusion and microscopic hematuria, which is often easily missed and requires attention. 4) Rectal injury: Sacrococcygeal fractures may puncture the rectum, causing lower abdominal pain, and blood may be found on the fingertip during digital rectal examination. 4. Injury to important blood vessels: The proximal end of an extended supracondylar fracture of the humerus may injure the brachial artery, the distal end of a supracondylar fracture of the femur may injure the popliteal artery, and a proximal tibial fracture may injure the anterior or posterior tibial artery. |
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