What causes cystic nodules in the right lobe of the thyroid gland

Everyone knows that there are several types of thyroid nodules, and there are many causes of them. There are also benign and malignant nodules. When you have thyroid nodules, it is best to go to the hospital for examination to determine whether it is benign or malignant, and then treat it according to different causes. If it is benign, it generally does not require treatment. Now let’s talk about what causes cystic nodules in the right lobe of the thyroid.

1. Causes of nodular goiter

1. The cause of thyroid nodules is likely to be multi-factorial, such as genetics, radiation, immunity, geographical factors, goiter-causing factors, iodine deficiency, chemical stimulation and endocrine changes.

2. Substances that cause goiter include certain foods, drugs, water pollution, soil pollution and environmental pollution. Goiter with nodular goiter is prevalent in iodine-deficient areas. Radiation damage can cause cancer, but decades of experience and statistics after the use of 131Ⅰ treatment have shown that the main side effect of radioactive 131Ⅰ treatment is not carcinogenesis, but hypothyroidism, especially long-term hypothyroidism. In some patients with multinodular goiter, TGA and TMA tests found a 54.7% positive rate and a single nodule positive rate of 16.9%. Patients with nodular goiter have an inborn error in metabolism that causes compensatory overgrowth of the goiter. The environment lacks intake of trace elements such as selenium, fluorine, calcium, chlorine and magnesium. In short, the pathogenesis of nodular goiter is relatively complex, still unclear and needs to be studied.

Pathogenesis of nodular goiter

In recent years, it is also closely related to gene mutation factors involved in thyroid tissue neoplasms. Some people have proposed the "trigger factor-promoter factor" theory, which is that the thyroid gland itself, under the promotion of goitrogenic substances, radiation damage or carcinogens, causes changes in the properties of DNA in the patient's thyroid tissue cells, prompting TSH or other immunoglobulin gene mutations, which continue to develop and change, and can lead to thyroid tissue hyperplasia and even cancer. In the early stage, before changes in autonomous function occur, good results can be achieved through treatment and the proliferative thyroid nodules can disappear. In the late stage, due to the formation of autonomous functional nodules or other changes, drug treatment is difficult to be effective and surgical removal of the nodules is necessary.