What is systemic inflammatory response syndrome?

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is actually an uncontrolled inflammatory response of the body itself. Its more obvious symptoms are fever, leukocytosis, rapid breathing, etc., so patients will have obvious discomfort symptoms, which poses a great threat to health. If similar symptoms occur, you need to go to a regular hospital for diagnosis in time and check your heart rate and respiratory rate.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an uncontrolled, self-amplifying and self-destructive systemic inflammatory response caused by infectious or non-infectious causes. It is a clinical process in which the body undergoes an excessive stress response for repair and survival. When the body is attacked by exogenous damage or toxic substances, it can trigger an initial inflammatory response, and at the same time, the body produces endogenous immune inflammatory factors to form a "cascade effect." Critically ill patients are most susceptible to SIRS due to their reduced compensatory anti-inflammatory response ability and metabolic dysfunction. Severe cases can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).

SIRS, sepsis, septic shock, and MODS are different stages of the same pathological process. SIRS with a definite infectious process is called sepsis, sepsis accompanied by organ dysfunction is called severe sepsis, and sepsis with cardiovascular dysfunction (such as refractory hypotension) is called septic shock.

When the body is severely hit and symptoms and signs such as fever, leukocytosis, increased heart rate and breathing appear, it is often clinically diagnosed as sepsis or septicemia. Since the 1980s, due to the advancement of clinical diagnostic technology, it was found that the common characteristic change of this type of patients is the increase of inflammatory mediators in plasma, and bacterial infection is not a necessary condition. Based on the above reasons, the American College of Chest Physicians and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (ACCP/SCCM) proposed the concept of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) at a joint meeting held in Chicago in 1991, and published it in Critical Care Med the following year. The proposal of this concept has received widespread attention and general recognition, which has also promoted the development of the discipline. As people's understanding of inflammation expands, the understanding of some diseases has undergone fundamental changes in recent years. It is recognized that the basic pathologies of multiple organ dysfunction in traumatic shock, rejection of skin transplants, ischemia-reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction, etc. are all caused by inflammation.

The diagnosis can be made if two or more of the following clinical manifestations are present:

(1) Body temperature >38°C or <36°C;

(2) Heart rate>90 beats/min;

(3) respiratory rate > 20 times/min or hyperventilation, PaCO 2 < 32 mmHg;

(4) WBC>12×109 or <4×109 or granulocytes>10%.