How should patients with cerebral hemorrhage be cared for?

Cerebral hemorrhage is caused by lesions in the brain. It will have a great impact on health. People with cerebral hemorrhage should pay attention to care measures in time. They can do some exercise in daily life, eat more light food, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, and avoid stimulation.

Routine care:

① Rest in bed with the head elevated 15-20°; avoid unnecessary movement as much as possible, and move slowly and gently when turning over to avoid changes in blood pressure caused by pain stimulation; have a dedicated person on duty 24 hours a day to help meet the patient's daily needs.

② Avoid or reduce all kinds of unnecessary stimulation, keep the environment quiet, eliminate all kinds of noise, and provide soft lighting to prevent environmental factors from causing adverse stimulation to the patient's emotions; ask the patient's relatives and friends not to have unnecessary conversations with the patient about life, work, etc. when visiting, and avoid emotional excitement.

③ Clear secretions and vomitus in the respiratory tract promptly to prevent suffocation.

⑤ Maintain smooth bowel and bladder function: Provide a high-calorie, high-vitamin, high-fiber diet and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. People with constipation can use enema, paraffin oil or laxatives; those with difficulty urinating or coma should have a urinary catheter.

⑥ Stabilize blood pressure: Stabilizing blood pressure is an important measure to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. However, blood pressure should not be lowered too low to prevent insufficient blood perfusion to the brain tissue. If blood pressure is too high, you should take medication as directed by your doctor to slowly lower blood pressure.

⑦ Observe vital signs: Closely observe the patient's consciousness, pupils, body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, headache, vomiting, etc., and pay attention to water and electrolyte balance.

⑧ Patients with mental tension, irritability, headache, and insomnia should be given sedatives or analgesics as prescribed by the doctor.

⑨Psychological care: Patients have a long course of illness and are prone to irritability. Therefore, nursing staff should care for and love patients, develop psychological care plans based on the specific conditions of the patients, conduct psychological counseling in a timely manner, patiently comfort patients, eliminate pessimism, and build confidence in overcoming the disease. At the same time, guide patients to learn self-regulation, maintain emotional stability, and avoid emotional excitement and sudden exertion.

Common complications of care:

① Rebleeding: It is the main acute complication, and the focus should be on observing consciousness, pupils, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, headache and mood changes of the patient. If you notice signs of rebleeding such as irritability, abnormal pupil size and shape, increased blood pressure, slower heart rate and breathing, severe headache, vomiting, etc., you should see a doctor immediately or report to the doctor and receive appropriate treatment.

② Cerebral vasospasm: Cerebral vasospasm may occur after cerebral hemorrhage. If the patient suddenly develops or worsens neurological dysfunction such as impaired consciousness, headache, hemiplegia, hemianopsia, aphasia and sensory impairment, one should be alert to the occurrence of cerebral infarction.

③Hydrocephalus. The main manifestations of chronic hydrocephalus are apathy, slow reaction, intellectual impairment, mental symptoms, headache accompanied by unsteady gait, urinary incontinence, hyperreflexia of tendons and positive pathological reflexes. Once the above symptoms are found, hydrocephalus should be considered first. Contact a specialist in time and report changes in the condition for early diagnosis and treatment.

④ Pulmonary infection: It is a common complication of cerebral hemorrhage, and often occurs in patients with poor general condition and a long history of smoking. Turn over and pat your back regularly to promote expectoration.

⑤ Pressure sores, urinary tract infections, etc.: Keep the body surface clean and dry, turn over regularly, and pay attention to the skin condition of pressure areas such as the sacrum, buttocks, and heels. Pay attention to the color and amount of urine, and whether there is frequent urination, frequent urination, painful urination, or cloudy urine or hematuria.

⑥Deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs: Elderly and bedridden patients are prone to deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. The early symptoms are swelling and pain in the affected limbs. The detachment of thrombi can cause pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, etc. Pulmonary embolism is the most serious complication of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs in the acute stage. Closely observe the changes in the patient's condition. If sudden dyspnea, chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, cyanosis, or even shock occurs, pulmonary embolism should be considered first. Pay attention to regularly moving the joints of the affected limbs and massaging both lower limbs to prevent deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs.