What causes platelet accumulation?

Platelets are a type of cell in the blood of mammals. They are extremely small and have no nucleus. Platelet overload refers to the percentage of platelets in the blood. The cause of platelet overload is currently unclear, but it is most likely caused by stem cell abnormalities.

Cause information

The cause of the disease is unknown, but it may be due to abnormalities in pluripotent stem cells, leading to prokaryotic cell proliferation and thrombocytosis. The lifespan of platelets is mostly normal. Intrinsic defects of platelets include decreased serotonin in platelets, decreased platelet adhesion and aggregation function, and decreased platelet factor III, which may be the cause of bleeding. Due to the excessive number of platelets, activated platelets also produce thromboxane, which causes platelet aggregation and release, and can form blood clots in the microvessels. Some patients have abnormal coagulation mechanisms and increased capillary fragility.

Symptoms Overview

Clinical symptoms

The disease has a slow onset and varying manifestations. Mild cases may cause dizziness and fatigue; severe cases may cause bleeding and thrombosis. Bleeding is often spontaneous and recurrent. Gastrointestinal bleeding is common, and there may also be gingival bleeding, epistaxis, hematuria, and ecchymosis of the skin and mucous membranes, but purpura is rare. Limb vascular embolism causes numbness, pain, and even gangrene in the hands and feet. 80% have moderate splenomegaly, but liver enlargement is more common than spleen enlargement.

Treatment

1. Radioactive nuclide phosphorus (32P).

2. Interferon: α-interferon: 3-5mu/d.

3. Others: Dipyridamole, aspirin, indomethacin, platelet separation and replacement can also be used. Splenectomy is contraindicated.

4. Myelosuppressive drugs: Myleran is a commonly used, safe and effective drug. Start with 4-6 mg/d. Cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, and sarcoid can also be used.