What are the first aid measures for acute pulmonary edema

Acute pulmonary edema is a common clinical emergency. As the name suggests, this disease is very serious and its symptoms are also very obvious. The vast majority of patients with acute pulmonary edema will initially experience symptoms of dyspnea, which has a significant impact on people's lives and bodies. Therefore, we must pay attention to treatment. So what are the first aid measures for acute pulmonary edema?

1. Oxygen inhalation:

Timely oxygen inhalation can change dyspnea and hypoxia and reduce the permeability of pulmonary capillaries. Alcohol humidification oxygen inhalation is very effective and increases the gas exchange area. It can be used by any patient with pulmonary edema. Method: When using the nasal cannula method to inhale oxygen, allow the oxygen to pass through 95% alcohol. When using a mask to inhale oxygen and humidify, you must use 20% to 30% alcohol to reduce surface tension.

2. Reduce right cardiac venous return :

Sit upright with your lower limbs hanging down. Do not use this method if you are in shock.

3. Diuretics:

Furosemide is the diuretic of choice. Furosemide exerts a diuretic effect 30 minutes after injection, which can reduce blood volume and capillary pressure, thereby changing the symptoms of pulmonary edema.

4. Cardiotonic:

It has good effects on hypertensive heart disease, left heart failure caused by coronary heart disease, and acute pulmonary edema. However, it should be used with caution in patients with mitral stenosis, extensive myocardial infarction, or pulmonary edema caused by drowning. The following two points should be noted: (1) A fast-acting, low-toxic cardiotonic should be selected and started in a small dose. (2) For patients with fast heart rate or arrhythmia, digoxin should be used. For patients with fast heart rate or atrioventricular block who have not used cardiotonic drugs in the past two weeks, scutellaria baicalensis K should be used. Usage: 20-40 ml of 50% glucose plus 0.2-0.4 mg of digoxin should be injected intravenously to accelerate urine flow.

5. Aminophylline:

It is the first choice when cardiac or bronchial asthma cannot be differentiated. It should not be injected too quickly during intravenous injection. It can relieve smooth muscle spasms, dilate bronchi, thereby alleviating dyspnea, reducing fluid infiltration into the alveoli, and has a mild diuretic effect. Inject 20-40 ml of 50% glucose plus 0.25 ml of aminophylline intravenously.

6. Adrenal cortex hormone:

It can change the metabolism of myocardial cells, increase the myocardium's utilization of chemical energy, reduce the permeability of pulmonary capillaries, and has good anti-shock, detoxification, anti-inflammatory and symptom relief effects.