What are the symptoms of myeloma? Three major clinical symptoms

Middle-aged and elderly people are prone to myeloma. The typical clinical symptoms of this disease are infection, anemia, bone pain, bleeding, etc. It is very harmful to patients and should be taken seriously. Middle-aged and elderly people should have regular physical examinations to detect and treat the disease early.

1. Infection

Due to the decrease in normal immunoglobulins and the increase in abnormal immunoglobulins without immune activity; leukopenia, anemia, radiotherapy and chemotherapy affect the normal immune function, so it is easy to get infected repeatedly. Patients may seek medical attention with fever as the first symptom. It is easy to get respiratory tract infections such as upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia or urinary tract infection, and female patients are more prone to urinary tract infection. In the late stage of the disease, infection is one of the main causes of death.

Therefore, for middle-aged and elderly patients with recurrent infections, treatment should not be limited to anti-infection treatment. At the same time, we should actively look for the primary disease. If the patient has bone pain, anemia, bleeding, etc., the possibility of this disease should be considered.

2. Myeloma bone disease

Bone pain and osteolytic bone destruction are prominent clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma. The most common areas of bone pain are the lower back, followed by the sternum, ribs and lower limb bones.

Because multiple myeloma patients often have severe osteoporosis, pathological fractures can occur with a little effort or carelessness. The resulting mechanical compression can cause neurological symptoms and, in severe cases, paraplegia. If paraplegia lasts too long, it will be difficult for the patient to recover and walk even with effective treatment, which will greatly affect the patient's quality of life.

Bone tumors may also occur, with tumor cells infiltrating from the bone marrow to the bone, periosteum, and adjacent tissues to form a mass.

3. Myeloma Kidney Disease

Renal lesions are common and important lesions in multiple myeloma. The most common clinical manifestation is proteinuria, followed by hematuria. In the late stage, it may develop into chronic renal failure or uremia, which is one of the main causes of death from this disease. Foreign studies have found that patients with multiple myeloma kidney disease have mild glomerular lesions and severe tubular-interstitial lesions, so patients rarely develop hypertension clinically.

Myeloma nephropathy is caused by multiple factors. The main causes are the damage of light chain proteinuria to the renal tubules and the amyloid change caused by the deposition of light chains in the glomeruli. In addition, myeloma cell infiltration, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, etc. are also involved in the onset of the disease.

The editor reminds that multiple myeloma is extremely harmful to the human body and patients should pay great attention to it. You should have regular physical examinations and carefully observe your own condition. If you find any disease, you must go to a professional and regular hospital for treatment in time.