Aortic dissection care and clinical manifestations

When the body develops arterial vascular diseases such as aortic dissection, patients must begin to pay close attention to their physical care. Because aortic dissection may cause problems such as artery tearing, it can seriously damage our body health. Before taking care of aortic dissection, you must first understand the cause of your disease so that you can get twice the result with half the effort by prescribing the right medicine.

1. Causes of aortic dissection

Aortic dissection is the result of the interaction between abnormal aortic media structure and abnormal hemodynamics. When the aorta is structurally abnormal, it is prone to aortic rupture. Common factors include: Marfan syndrome, congenital cardiovascular malformations, idiopathic aortic media degeneration, aortic atherosclerosis, aortic inflammatory disease, etc. When hemodynamics changes, it is also easy to cause damage to the arterial wall. The most common cause is hypertension, and almost all patients with aortic dissection have poorly controlled hypertension. In other words, the control of hypertension has a comprehensive impact on the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of aortic dissection, and is the most basic and most important means of treatment and prevention. Pregnancy is another high-risk factor, which is associated with hemodynamic changes during pregnancy.

2. Clinical manifestations of aortic dissection

1. Typical patients with acute aortic dissection often present with sudden, severe, tearing pain in the chest and back. Severe cases may lead to heart failure, syncope, or even sudden death; most patients also have difficult-to-control hypertension;

2. Occlusion of aortic branch arteries can lead to corresponding ischemic symptoms of the brain, limbs, kidneys, and abdominal organs: such as cerebral infarction, oliguria, abdominal pain, pale, weak, and mottling legs, and even paraplegia.

3. Nursing of aortic dissection

The location, nature, timing and extent of pain should be closely observed. After using strong analgesics, observe whether the pain improves. At the same time, pay attention to distinguishing pain such as myocardial infarction, acute pulmonary embolism, and acute abdomen. Morphine or pethidine are commonly used to relieve pain. Morphine 3-5 mg is diluted and injected intravenously, and pethidine 50-100 mg is injected intramuscularly. Note that there should be a 4-6 hour interval between two doses to prevent addiction. Morphine has strong analgesic and sedative effects, and has relatively few adverse reactions such as vomiting, but it should be noted that both drugs have adverse reactions such as lowering blood pressure and inhibiting breathing.