Mental disorders caused by craniocerebral trauma, these manifestations need to be watched out for

Mental disorders caused by craniocerebral trauma are syndromes that appear some time after the craniocerebral trauma. Patients will still have symptoms of dizziness and headaches, and are easily agitated and angry. Their vision and hearing will also decrease. They need timely treatment, especially psychotherapy.

1. Symptoms and Signs

1. Headache and dizziness Headache is the most common symptom, accounting for about 78%. It is mainly characterized by diffuse head swelling and throbbing headache, which is persistent and severe. The attack time is irregular, mostly in the afternoon. The location is often in the forehead and temporal area or the back of the occipital area, sometimes involving the entire head, or a feeling of pressure on the top of the head, or a feeling of tightness in a ring, causing drowsiness and restlessness all day long. Headaches located behind the head of the neck are often accompanied by tension and pain in the neck muscles, and are often related to craniocervical injuries. Headaches can be aggravated by insomnia, fatigue, bad mood, work problems or external noise.

Dizziness is also common, accounting for about 50%. Patients often report feeling dizzy and lightheaded, but in fact, this is not true vertigo, but a subjective feeling of cloudiness in the head, unclear thinking, or a feeling of confusion. Sometimes they think they cannot maintain balance, which is often aggravated by turning the head or changing body position. However, neurological examination shows no clear vestibular dysfunction or ataxia. After appropriate symptomatic treatment and comfort and encouragement, the symptoms may be alleviated or disappear, but they will reappear soon.

2. Hysterical reactions: The patient's mood often fluctuates, he is easily irritable and angry, sometimes he may have muscle spasms, decreased vision, decreased hearing, close his eyes and remain silent, involuntary crying and laughing, and even hysterical paralysis. In severe cases, he may be in a state of stupor or mutism.

3. Neurological examination usually shows no definite positive signs.

2. Medication

1. Psychological and behavioral therapy: Pay attention to the patient's condition, provide careful guidance, and dispel the patient's misunderstanding that "post-concussion syndrome cannot be cured." We should show concern for the patient's illness, patiently enlighten them, relieve their worries, and build up their confidence so that they can understand and overcome the disease. Create a good medical living environment for patients and avoid various adverse external stimuli. Encouraging patients to get out of bed and move around, participate in more outdoor activities, exercise, live a regular life, correct bad habits and hobbies, resume work within their capacity as soon as possible, learn new knowledge and skills, actively participate in social interactions, establish good interpersonal relationships, and be cheerful, emotionally stable, work smoothly, and have a harmonious family, will be more conducive to complete recovery in physical, mental, and social adaptation.

2. Symptomatic treatment: Analgesics can be given for headaches, but anesthetics or morphine-like drugs should not be used to avoid addiction. Such as Rotundine (Cranial Pain Ding), Levorotatory Stephania, Naproxen, Enteric-coated Aspirin, Ibuprofen; for dizziness, diphenhydramine, chlorobutanol, etc. can be given; for autonomic dysfunction, oryzanol, promethazine, γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-aminobutyric acid), methylphenidate (methylphenidate), atropine (atropine sulfate), scopolamine, etc. can be given; for excited patients, perphenazine, diazepam (Valium), oxazepam (norhydroxydiazepam), etc. can be given; for depressed patients, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid can be given. In addition, traditional Chinese medicine can also be used for treatment. Commonly used Chinese patent medicines include: Anshen Buxin Pills, Gastrodia Su Tablets, Angong Niuhuang Pills, Naoning Syrup, Naozhenning, etc. Physical therapy, acupuncture and other measures can also be used.