What are the complications of closed skull fractures

Some friends may not understand the concept of closed skull fracture. Closed means that the patient's skull has an open wound, but the objects inside the skull have no contact with the outside world. This situation is called a closed skull fracture.

Closed head injury refers to a head injury in which the dura mater is still intact. Although there are open wounds on the scalp and skull, the contents of the cranial cavity have not been connected to the outside world, so it is still called a closed head injury.

Post-traumatic brain syndrome

Symptoms such as headache, insomnia, memory loss, and fatigue may still exist several months after craniocerebral injury. Handling: ① Explain the work and psychological counseling patiently and carefully to eliminate concerns. ② Symptomatic treatment; ③ Encourage patients to participate in physical exercise appropriately and resume daily life and work.

Intracranial hypotension syndrome

Orthostatic headache and dizziness occur after craniocerebral injury. The diagnosis can be established if the intracranial pressure during lumbar puncture is <0.49 kPa (50 mmH20). Treatment: ① Lie flat or with the head down and feet high; ② Encourage the patient to drink plenty of water and intravenously supplement with balanced fluid or 5% glucose saline 3500-4000ml/d; ③ Lumbar puncture to inject 10-20ml of filtered air or oxygen, or 10-20ml of normal saline, once a day or every other day; ④ Intracranial hypotension caused by prolonged cerebrospinal fluid leakage should be repaired surgically.

Carotid-cavernous fistula

① The diagnosis can be confirmed by the occurrence of exophthalmos, conjunctival congestion and edema, ocular movement disorders, intracranial bruits, and disappearance of the bruits caused by compression of the ipsilateral carotid artery. ② Cerebral angiography determines the extent of the lesion. Treatment: Intravascular interventional embolization therapy is the first choice for this disease, including detachable balloon embolization and microcoil embolization. When embolization therapy is ineffective, direct craniotomy can be considered, including electrocoagulation and transcavernous carotid artery repair.