What is severe aplastic anemia and what are its symptoms?

Severe aplastic anemia is a disease that we often see on TV or new media, but what exactly is severe aplastic anemia? Most people don't understand this. In fact, severe aplastic anemia is a very serious anemia. Patients often suffer from bleeding and infection, which is very harmful to the physical and mental health of the human body. If it is not treated correctly or not treated in time, it will lead to very serious consequences. Therefore, everyone must not underestimate this disease.

Clinical manifestations of severe aplastic anemia

1. Anemia: It usually presents a progressive worsening, with obvious symptoms such as pallor, fatigue, dizziness, palpitations and shortness of breath.

(ii) Infection: Most patients have fever, with body temperature above 39°C. Some patients suffer from uncontrollable high fever from the onset of illness to death. Respiratory tract infection is the most common, followed by digestive tract, urogenital tract, skin and mucous membrane infections. The infecting bacteria are mainly Gram-negative bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi, often accompanied by sepsis.

(III) Bleeding: There are varying degrees of bleeding in the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs. The skin manifests as bleeding spots or large ecchymosis, the oral mucosa has blood blisters, and there are nose bleeding, bleeding gums, conjunctival bleeding, etc. Bleeding from deep organs may cause vomiting of blood, hemoptysis, blood in the stool, hematuria, vaginal bleeding, fundus bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage, the latter of which often endangers the patient's life.

Laboratory tests

(1) Hemoglobin decreases rapidly.

(2) Reticulocyte count <1%, absolute value <15×109/L.

(3) The absolute neutrophil count is <0.5×109/L.

(4) Platelet count <20×109/L.

(5) Bone marrow proliferation is severely reduced.

Testing

1. Routine blood test: severe reduction in all three blood series, progressive decrease in hemoglobin, significant reduction in white blood cells, neutrophil count usually 0.5×10/L, platelet count usually 20×10/L, reticulocyte count 0.01, and absolute reticulocyte count 15×10/L.

(ii) Bone marrow image: decreased proliferation in multiple sites, thin puncture fluid, increased oil droplets, extremely decreased granulocyte and erythroid hematopoietic cells, no megakaryocytes, increased non-hematopoietic cells, increased small granular non-hematopoietic cells and adipocytes in the bone marrow.

Everyone should know what severe aplastic anemia is, which is what we call leukemia. The symptoms it causes are very serious. The most important thing about this disease is to go to a regular hospital for treatment as early as possible and strive for every opportunity for treatment.