Necessity of interventional treatment for bronchial dilation

When treating a disease, the method is the most important. Bronchiectasis is a relatively serious disease, and the method used is mainly determined based on the patient's condition. Interventional therapy for bronchiectasis is a relatively commonly used method at present, and the treatment effect is relatively good, allowing many patients to recover.

Interventional bronchial dilation surgery is mainly for patients with severe hemoptysis. The purpose of the interventional surgery is to check and determine the bleeding site and to stop the bleeding. Let us understand what massive hemoptysis is: massive hemoptysis refers to daily bleeding volume of 400 to 1500 ml, which is a common and critical disease of the respiratory system. It is common in bronchiectasis and bronchial lung cancer. Most of the hemoptysis comes from the bronchial arteries, but some also come from the intercostal arteries and phrenic arteries. For lesions located in the lower lobes of both lungs, in addition to the bronchial arteries, attention should also be paid to the corresponding intercostal arteries and phrenic arteries.

Indications for bronchial artery embolization in the treatment of massive hemoptysis due to bronchiectasis include: (1) active massive hemoptysis with a volume of hemoptysis >300 ml/24 h that is ineffective after conservative medical treatment; (2) a history of recurrent massive hemoptysis; and (3) patients who are unable to undergo surgery or refuse surgery and have a history of recurrent hemoptysis.

The gelatin sponge used in bronchial dilatation interventional therapy is a medium-acting embolic agent. Using it alone will increase the recurrence rate of bleeding. PVC will completely and permanently occlude the distal thin arterial branches and reduce the chance of collateral formation in the lesion area and surrounding areas. Spring steel coils can permanently embolize large blood supply vessels and reduce the short-term recurrence rate. Therefore, the combined embolization of gelatin sponge + PVC particles or spring steel coils and careful search for blood vessels supplying the lesion area can achieve complete hemostasis.

From the above analysis, it can be seen that bronchial dilation interventional therapy is mainly aimed at patients with severe hemoptysis symptoms. Patients with severe hemoptysis symptoms can use interventional therapy in a timely manner under the guidance of a doctor to avoid further aggravation of the disease or even life-threatening.