What does urine protein addition and subtraction mean

In fact, many people don't understand the test results after the test, which makes them very confused. For example, the urine protein addition and subtraction results are generally difficult to understand. In fact, this indicates the protein content in your urine. If it is too high, it will have a very bad effect, so you must check the protein in your urine in detail.

Urine protein is protein detected when urine becomes turbid after acidification and heating. The normal 24-hour urine protein range is ≤0.15g, and routine laboratory tests are negative. If the urine protein test is > 150 mg/day, that is, the urine protein is positive, it means that the amount of urine protein excreted by the human body has increased significantly, which is abnormal urine protein.

Persistent positive urine protein often indicates kidney disease. Therefore, clinically, the degree of kidney damage and the effectiveness of kidney disease treatment can be determined based on the amount of positive urine protein. Therefore, if abnormal urine protein occurs, it must be effectively controlled and eliminated to prevent the disease from worsening and progressing.

Qualitative tests are methods used to screen and roughly estimate the content of urine protein. There are three test methods: test paper method, sulfosalicylic acid method and heated acetic acid method. Both the sulfosalicylic acid method and the heated acetic acid method are based on the turbidity reaction and define the absence of turbidity or precipitation as negative (-), and the presence of turbidity or precipitation as positive (+). The sulfosalicylic acid method is easy to operate and has high sensitivity, and can be widely used in censuses. However, its sensitivity to albumin is higher than that to globulin, and there are many influencing factors, which can easily cause false negatives or false positives. The heated acetic acid method has basically the same sensitivity to albumin and globulin, with fewer influencing factors and higher accuracy.

Test method: Take a clean glass test tube, add about 2 ml of urine, then use a dropper to drop 3 to 5 drops of reagent on the urine and observe whether protein appears.

Result judgment: Determine the number of "+" (plus signs) according to the degree of turbidity, sedimentation and coagulation.

Judgment criteria: “-”: The minus sign is negative, indicating the absence of protein. After adding the reagent, the urine is still clear, and no turbidity can be seen against a black background;

“±”: plus and minus signs, indicating the presence of trace amounts of protein in the urine. A white, slightly turbid color appears after the reagent is added, which can only be seen against a black background;

“+”: A plus sign, indicating moderate to large amounts of protein in the urine. After adding the reagent, a white slight turbidity appeared, and no flocculent particles appeared;

“++”: Two plus signs, indicating that there is a certain amount of protein in the urine. After adding the reagent, an obvious white precipitate appeared;

“+++”: Three plus signs, indicating a large amount of protein in the urine. After adding the reagent, a flocculent white precipitate appeared;

“++++”: 4 plus signs, indicating that there is a large amount of protein in the urine. After adding the reagent, it immediately solidifies into lumps, like gelatin.