What are the methods to prevent kidney stones

Everyone should take the prevention of kidney stones seriously, because many people are now susceptible to this disease, so you must pay attention to drinking more water, limiting the intake of oxalic acid, and taking vitamin supplements to prevent kidney stones.

1. Drink more water: >2000ml per day, maintain urine volume at 2000-3000ml, especially at night, in summer or when sweating a lot. Tap water or mineral water are both acceptable, and magnetized water is preferred. Drinking enough water is not only beneficial to metabolism, but also helps in the excretion of stones.

2. Calcium intake: 600mg ~ 800mg per day. Calcium combines with intestinal oxalic acid to form calcium oxalate, which is excreted with feces, reducing intestinal oxalic acid absorption and urinary excretion of oxalic acid, thereby reducing the chance of kidney calcium oxalate stones forming. Milk, beans, nuts, anchovies, dried shrimp and dark green vegetables are all foods rich in calcium.

3. Limit oxalic acid: Oxalic acid is the second main component of kidney stones besides calcium. Calcium in the intestinal cavity of normal people is an important substance that inhibits the absorption of oxalic acid. Small intestinal disease or surgery, chronic pancreatic and biliary disease can lead to increased intestinal absorption of oxalate. Rarely, excessive intake of oxalate foods (such as spinach, celery, beets, asparagus, tomatoes, potatoes, nuts, cocoa, chocolate, tea) as well as vitamin B deficiency and vitamin C excess. High concentrations of oxaluria caused by any reason can cause tubular-interstitial damage and induce kidney stones.

4. Take citric acid: On the one hand, citric acid can significantly increase the solubility of calcium oxalate. On the other hand, after combining with calcium, it reduces the urinary calcium saturation and inhibits the crystallization of calcium salts. Fruits and vegetables are the main food sources of citric acid. Acidification of the body, such as renal tubular poisoning, urinary tract infection, chronic diarrhea, gastrectomy, thiazide diuretics and excessive intake of animal protein are common causes of hypocitraturia.

5. Limit purine: 20% of patients with calcium oxalate stones have hyperuricemia, which is a type of kidney stones, and 40% of patients with hyperuricemia have both hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. Therefore, the purine diet should be limited in patients with hyperuricemia and hyperuricemia.

6. Limit sodium: Excessive sodium intake will also increase calcium excretion. Persistent hypercalciuria is the most common independent risk factor for kidney stones. The stones caused are mostly calcium oxalate stones. Therefore, eating less sodium and lowering urinary calcium can effectively prevent the occurrence and recurrence of kidney stones. On the contrary, magnesium can reduce the absorption of oxalic acid in the intestines and the formation of calcium crystals. Green vegetables, beans, grains, nuts and seafood are high in magnesium.

7. Limit sugar: Carbohydrates and sugary foods promote urinary calcium excretion, causing or aggravating hypercalciuria.

8. Fat restriction: Excessive fatty acids and bile salts can damage the intestinal mucosa and lead to increased intestinal absorption of oxalic acid.

9. Limit animal protein: The methionine contained in various animal meats and eggs inhibits renal tubular calcium absorption and increases urinary calcium.

10. Balanced nutrition for three meals: A lifestyle centered on dinner is conducive to the formation of stones. Eat well in the morning, eat enough at noon, eat less at dinner, and drink water before going to bed. These are the dietary principles that must be followed.