The cause of anemia needs to be investigated and differential diagnosis

The probability of anemia in our lives has become less and less. As people's lives get better and better, few people will suffer from anemia. Most anemia is caused by malnutrition. If it is not caused by malnutrition, it is likely to have a lot to do with one's own hematopoietic stem cells. Most of this anemia is aplastic anemia. So how to check the cause of anemia?

1. Nutritional anemia

Nutritional anemia mainly refers to anemia caused by severe iron deficiency in the body, followed by lack of vitamin B2.

Cause: Many women control their diet too much, dare not touch meat, eggs and milk, and even eat less vegetable oil. They eat vegetarian food such as vegetables and radishes for a long time, which leads to anemia.

Symptoms: In addition to general anemia symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, fatigue, dry and falling hair, patients may also suffer from loss of appetite, diarrhea, mouth ulcers, glossitis, etc.

Prevention and treatment: The key to prevention and treatment of nutritional anemia is to adjust the dietary nutritional structure and eat scientifically. For breakfast, you can take in enough high-calorie, high-quality protein, such as soy milk, eggs, milk, etc.; for lunch, you can take in a wide range of nutrients from the dishes; for dinner, you can eat less fat and sweets to prevent indigestion and obesity. It is advisable to eat more seaweed, carrots, citrus fruits, tomatoes, etc. People with enteritis and ulcers should actively seek treatment to improve their overall nutritional status.

2. Iron deficiency anemia

Iron deficiency anemia refers to a type of microcytic hypochromic anemia caused by insufficient iron storage in the body, which affects hemoglobin synthesis. It is the most common type of anemia throughout the world, including in my country. The incidence of this disease is very high and is almost universal.

Cause: Iron is an important trace element for hematopoiesis, and iron deficiency in the diet is the main cause of anemia. In addition, hookworm infection, gastrointestinal malabsorption, bleeding from gastric and duodenal ulcers, hemorrhoidal bleeding, menorrhagia in women, and functional uterine bleeding in adolescence can all cause iron deficiency anemia.

Symptoms: Similar to those of nutritional anemia, and can be identified by testing trace elements in the hair.

Prevention and treatment: Ferrous sulfate or ferrous lactate (Iron Edge Tablets) can be used to treat iron deficiency anemia, taken three times a day. Generally, ferrous lactate is better because it is non-irritating to the stomach and intestines. At the same time, you need to take vitamin C 100-200 mg, 3 times a day, to promote iron absorption. After the anemia symptoms disappear, you need to continue taking the medicine for 1-2 months to consolidate the therapeutic effect.

3. Hemorrhagic anemia

Blood loss is the most common cause of anemia, which can be divided into acute and chronic types. Chronic blood loss often causes iron deficiency anemia; anemia caused by massive blood loss in a short period of time due to vascular rupture or defective hemostasis mechanism caused by trauma or disease process is called acute hemorrhagic anemia.

Causes: severe functional uterine bleeding; various gynecological and obstetric bleeding during ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa or delivery; massive bleeding due to sexual intercourse trauma; massive hemoptysis due to bronchiectasis or lung tumors; ruptured varicose veins in the lower esophagus and vomiting blood due to ulcer disease or liver disease; various surgical trauma and bleeding during surgical operations, etc.

Symptoms: If the amount of bleeding reaches 1500-2000 ml, even if the patient was healthy before the bleeding and rested in bed after the bleeding, he or she will still experience thirst, nausea, shortness of breath, extreme dizziness and even temporary loss of will. Due to the redistribution of blood circulation, the patient has cold hands and feet, pale complexion, and decreased urine volume. Blood pressure, cardiac output and central venous pressure all decrease, the pulse is rapid and weak, and symptoms of shock gradually appear, such as irritability, difficulty breathing, a weak pulse, cold and clammy skin, nausea and vomiting, and finally coma.

Prevention and treatment: First stop the bleeding and give blood transfusion according to the cause of bleeding, and then treat the primary disease. Important treatment measures are to quickly transfuse whole blood, plasma, dextran and normal saline to replenish blood volume and rescue the shock state. Patients with a history of chronic bleeding or whose original iron stores are low or even depleted should be given oral iron supplements 1-2 months after the bleeding stops to promote red blood cell production and replenish iron stores.