How to treat chronic nephritis at an early stage

Kidney is the most important organ in our human body, but in many cases, kidneys may have problems. Moreover, with the development of the economy, people's pace of life is getting faster and faster, and the accompanying life pressure is also very great, so people's bodies are easily in trouble. Kidney is a very important organ for us, but it is also a very fragile organ. Kidney diseases such as chronic nephritis can easily happen to people.

Chronic glomerulonephritis, abbreviated as chronic nephritis, refers to a group of glomerular diseases with proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension, and edema as the basic clinical manifestations. The onset is different, the disease is prolonged, the lesions progress slowly, there may be varying degrees of renal impairment, a tendency for renal function to deteriorate, and eventually develop into chronic renal failure. Due to the different pathological types and stages of this group of diseases, the main clinical manifestations may be different. Disease manifestations vary.

The main purpose should be to prevent or delay the deterioration of renal function and prevent and treat serious complications. The following comprehensive treatment measures can be adopted.

1. Actively control hypertension and reduce urine protein

Hypertension and proteinuria are important factors that accelerate glomerular sclerosis and promote the deterioration of renal function. Actively controlling hypertension and reducing proteinuria are two important links. Chronic nephritis often causes sodium and water retention, leading to volume-dependent hypertension. Therefore, hypertensive patients should limit salt intake (NaCl < 6g/d); thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide can be used. When Ccr<30ml/min, thiazides have no effect and loop diuretics should be used instead, but they should generally not be used excessively or for a long time. In addition to lowering blood pressure, ACEI or ARB also has a renal protective effect by reducing urinary protein and delaying the deterioration of renal function. It is the first choice drug for treating hypertension and/or reducing urinary protein in chronic nephritis. Usually, to achieve the goal of reducing urinary protein, the dosage used is often required to be higher than the conventional antihypertensive dose. Patients with renal insufficiency should prevent hyperkalemia when using ACEI or ARB. When blood creatinine is greater than 264μmol/L (3mg/d1), blood creatinine and blood potassium must be closely monitored to prevent side effects. In addition, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, etc. can also be combined or selected.

2. Limit the amount of protein and phosphorus in food

Patients with renal insufficiency and azotemia should limit their protein and phosphorus intake, adopt a high-quality low-protein diet, or add essential amino acids or α-keto acids.

3. Glucocorticoids and cytotoxic drugs

Given that chronic nephritis includes multiple diseases, the use of such drugs should be treated differently. However, if the patient has normal or only mildly damaged renal function, normal kidney volume, mild pathological type (such as mild mesangial proliferative nephritis, early membranous nephropathy, etc.), and more urine protein, the treatment can be tried if there are no contraindications, and gradually withdrawn if ineffective.

4. Anticoagulant, fibrinolytic and antiplatelet drugs

This type of drug can inhibit fibrin formation, platelet aggregation, and reduce complement activity, but its efficacy is uncertain.

5. Avoid factors that aggravate kidney damage

Avoid factors that may cause deterioration of renal function, such as infection, fatigue, pregnancy, and nephrotoxic drugs (such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, Chinese medicine containing aristolochic acid, etc.).

No matter what problem you have, whether it is your kidneys or liver, as long as you feel there is something wrong with your body, it is best to go to the hospital quickly to receive a doctor's examination and treatment.