Who are the “quasi” diabetic patients?

With the development of society, people have become more affluent, eat better, move less, and there are more fat people. As a result, the reserve army of diabetics has greatly expanded. It is understood that there are currently 92.4 million diabetes patients in China, and more than 150 million patients with prediabetes, which requires high vigilance.

Although patients with prediabetes have not yet met the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, they are the main reserve force of diabetics. If effective control is not carried out at this stage, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future is very high; and if this group of people can actively intervene in their lifestyle, most of them can completely reverse back to being "normal". How to control their condition and prevent them from "getting worse" will be the top priority of diabetes prevention and treatment.

1. Who are the pre-diabetic patients?

Pre-diabetic patients may have one or more of the following symptoms, or may have no symptoms at all. For people who meet the symptoms of "quasi-diabetes", they must go to the hospital immediately for formal examination, because at this time you may be on the verge of diabetes.

1. People with a history of impaired sugar regulation.

2. People aged over 45 years old.

3. People who are overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 24), with a waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 85 cm for women.

4. First-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes.

5. High-risk races. When obesity levels remain the same, Asians have an increased risk of diabetes.

6. Women with a history of giving birth to a macrosomic baby (birth weight greater than 4 kg) or gestational diabetes.

7. Those with hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) or who are receiving antihypertensive treatment.

8. Patients with dyslipidemia (HDL-C ≤ 0.91 mmol/L and TG ≥ 2.22 mmol/L), or those who are receiving lipid-lowering treatment.

9. Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

10. Those with a history of transient glucocorticoid-induced diabetes.

11. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

12. Patients with severe mental illness or long-term treatment with antidepressants.

13. People who often sit for long periods of time in their daily lives.

14. Persistent vulvar itching in women, especially menopausal women.

15. There is white frost on the underwear, or there are urine stains and white frost on the trouser legs.

16. Visual impairment, cataracts and smaller pupils.

17. People with recurrent chronic pancreatitis, hepatitis, fatty liver, and cirrhosis.

18. Patients with recurrent and refractory tuberculosis, especially pulmonary tuberculosis.

If screening results are normal, the test should be repeated after 3 years. People with prediabetes are the most important high-risk group for diabetes. Every year, approximately 1.5% to 10% of people with impaired glucose tolerance progress to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, early screening is very important.

2. How to intervene in the lifestyle of patients with diabetes

Establishing a correct view of eating and adopting a reasonable lifestyle can minimize the incidence of diabetes. Diabetes is a non-communicable disease. Although its occurrence has certain genetic factors, the key role is still played by acquired lifestyle and environmental factors. It is now known that excessive calorie intake, obesity and lack of exercise are important factors in the development of the disease.

1. The diet should include “three lows and two highs”. Low sugar, low salt, low fat, high fiber and high vitamins are the best dietary combination for preventing diabetes.

2. Eat in moderation and control your weight. It is important to monitor your weight regularly and maintain it at a normal level over the long term. When weight increases, you should restrict your diet and increase your exercise to get it back to normal as soon as possible.

3. Adhere to scientific exercise. Make exercise an important part of life and a lifelong habit. Exercise not only burns excess calories and maintains muscle mass, but also increases feelings of fullness and euphoria. Of course, exercise requires science and art. It should be done step by step, within one's ability, based on one's interests, and in groups, so that it is easier to achieve results and stick to it.

4. Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption. Quit smoking, drink less, and eliminate all bad habits.

5. People with a genetic history should take special precautions. Special attention should be paid to prevention for high-risk groups, such as those whose parents have diabetes and who are obese, overeat, have high blood sugar, and lack exercise.

6. Blood sugar measurement is included as a routine physical examination item for middle-aged and elderly people. Check your blood sugar regularly to detect asymptomatic diabetes early. Blood sugar measurement should be included as a routine physical examination item for middle-aged and elderly people, and even healthy people should still measure their blood sugar regularly.