What conditions cause vaginal bleeding

Vaginal bleeding may be caused by a variety of reasons, including physiological and pathological factors, which need to be judged and treated accordingly according to the specific situation. Common causes include abnormal menstrual cycle, pregnancy-related bleeding, infection, tumors and trauma. Treatment methods vary depending on the cause and may involve medication, surgery or lifestyle adjustments.

1. Physiological factors

Abnormal menstrual cycle is one of the common causes of vaginal bleeding. Adolescent women may experience irregular menstruation, while menopausal women may experience abnormal bleeding due to fluctuations in hormone levels. During pregnancy, implantation bleeding or miscarriage may also cause vaginal bleeding. For irregular menstruation, it can be regulated by adjusting work and rest, reducing stress, or using hormonal drugs such as birth control pills. Pregnancy-related bleeding requires prompt medical attention, and measures to preserve the fetus or terminate the pregnancy should be taken after the cause is determined.

2. Infection

Reproductive system infections such as vaginitis and cervicitis may cause vaginal bleeding. Bacterial, fungal or viral infections can cause local inflammation, damage mucosal tissue and lead to bleeding. Treatment of infection requires the selection of drugs according to the type of pathogen, such as antibiotics, antifungal drugs or antiviral drugs. Maintaining personal hygiene and avoiding unclean sexual behavior are important measures to prevent infection.

3. Tumor

Malignant tumors such as cervical cancer and endometrial cancer are serious causes of vaginal bleeding. Early symptoms may only be slight bleeding, but as the disease progresses, the amount of bleeding may increase. After diagnosis, treatment options should be selected according to the tumor stage, such as surgical resection, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Regular cervical cancer screening such as TCT and HPV testing can help early detection and treatment.

4. Trauma

Excessive sexual activity, improper use of tampons, or external impact may cause damage to the vaginal mucosa and cause bleeding. Minor trauma can recover on its own through rest and local cleaning, while serious injuries require medical treatment. Avoiding excessive force and choosing appropriate hygiene products can reduce the risk of trauma.

5. Other pathological factors

Benign lesions such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids may also cause vaginal bleeding. These diseases are usually accompanied by symptoms such as dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual flow. Treatment options include medications such as hormonal drugs or surgical removal of the lesions. Regular gynecological examinations can help with early detection and treatment.

The causes of vaginal bleeding are complex and varied. It is necessary to identify the cause and take targeted treatment based on the specific symptoms and examination results. Regardless of the amount of bleeding, continuous or repeated bleeding should be treated promptly to rule out the possibility of serious illness. In daily life, maintaining good living habits and regular physical examinations are important measures to prevent vaginal bleeding.