What is the cause of cervical cancer

The main cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Other factors include genetics, environment, physiology, trauma, and pathology. Prevention and treatment require a combination of vaccination, regular screening, a healthy lifestyle, and medical intervention.

1. High-risk HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. HPV is transmitted through sexual contact, and high-risk types such as HPV16 and 18 are closely related to cervical cancer. Persistent infection causes abnormal proliferation of cervical cells, which may eventually develop into cancer. The key to preventing HPV infection is to get vaccinated with the HPV vaccine, which is recommended for women aged 9-45, especially before having sex for the best effect.

2. Genetic factors also play a role in the development of cervical cancer. Women with a family history of cervical cancer have a higher risk of the disease. Gene mutations or genetic susceptibility may increase the sensitivity of cervical cells to HPV infection. It is recommended that women with a family history undergo regular cervical cancer screening, including cervical cytology TCT and HPV testing.

3. Environmental factors such as smoking, long-term oral contraceptive use and sexual behavior habits can also increase the risk of cervical cancer. Smoking can reduce the local immunity of the cervix and increase the chance of HPV infection; long-term use of oral contraceptives may change hormone levels and affect the health of cervical cells; multiple sexual partners or early sexual behavior can increase the chance of HPV infection. Quitting smoking, reducing the use of contraceptives and practicing safe sex are effective measures to reduce the risk.

4. Physiological factors such as low immunity and malnutrition may also lead to cervical cancer. People with AIDS or those who use immunosuppressants for a long time have poor immunity and cannot effectively eliminate HPV infection. Malnutrition, especially lack of vitamins A, C, E and folic acid, will affect the repair ability of cervical cells. Immunity can be enhanced through a balanced diet, moderate exercise and adequate sleep, and vitamins and minerals can be supplemented when necessary.

5. Traumatic and pathological factors such as multiple births, cervical injuries and chronic inflammation can also increase the risk of cervical cancer. Multiple births may cause damage to cervical tissue and increase the chance of infection; cervical injuries such as surgery or trauma may destroy local defense mechanisms; chronic cervicitis and long-term stimulation may induce cell cancer. Reducing unnecessary cervical surgery, timely treatment of inflammation and regular gynecological examinations are important preventive measures.

The causes of cervical cancer are complex and varied, but high-risk HPV infection is the main factor. Cervical cancer can be effectively prevented and treated through vaccination, regular screening, healthy lifestyle and medical intervention. It is recommended that women pay attention to cervical health from adolescence, have regular gynecological examinations, detect and treat abnormalities early, and reduce the risk of cervical cancer.