What tests are needed for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

What tests are needed for nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

1. Auxiliary examination of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

1. Anterior rhinoscopy: In a few cases, neoplasms invade the posterior nares, mostly granulation tissue.

2. Indirect nasopharyngoscopy: You must look for suspicious areas repeatedly and carefully. If the patient cannot cooperate with the pharyngeal reflex sensitivity test, you can do the test after surface anesthesia. If it is still unsuccessful, you can use a soft palate hook to open the soft palate, or insert a thin catheter into the anterior nasal cavity, pull the front end out of the mouth, leave the back end outside the anterior nasal cavity, fix the two ends tightly, pull the soft palate forward, and the nasopharynx can be fully exposed for biopsy.

3. Nasopharyngeal fiberscope or electronic nasopharyngeal fiberscope examination: a curved soft optical fiberscope. After surface anesthesia from the nasal entrance, it is the most effective modern tool for examining the nasopharynx.

2. Pathological examination of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

1. Biopsy: It can be done through the nasal or oral route. If the biopsy is negative, people who are still suspicious need to repeat the procedure and follow up closely.

2. Cervical lymph node biopsy or cervical lymph node cytology puncture smear examination: If the cervical lymph nodes are enlarged and hard, a cervical lymph node puncture smear examination should be performed. If there is no obvious suspicious lesion in the nasopharynx, lymph node biopsy should be considered.

3. Fine needle aspiration cytology FNA examination: FNA is very valuable in the diagnosis of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. If the cervical lymph nodes are involved, this method can be used to evaluate the primary tumor. It has the advantages of safety, simplicity, fast results and reliability.