What is unexpected gallbladder cancer and what to do

Unexpected gallbladder cancer is gallbladder cancer that is discovered accidentally during surgery. This is usually when treating benign gallbladder diseases, especially gallbladder stones. Gallbladder cancer cannot be confirmed before, during or after surgery, but is indicated by postoperative pathology. The occurrence of gallbladder cancer may be related to genetics, age, gallstones, chronic cholecystitis, and gallbladder polyps. Depending on the cause, it can be treated through regular examinations, medication, surgery, and other measures.

1. Genetics: The occurrence of gallbladder cancer may be related to genetic factors. If there is a family history of gallbladder cancer, the risk of the disease may be relatively high. If there is a family history of gallbladder cancer, the patient can undergo a health check-up every year to screen for cancer, so as to detect and treat it early.

2. Age: The incidence of gallbladder cancer increases with age, especially in people over 60 years old. Women are more likely to develop gallbladder cancer than men. Patients should eat a reasonable diet, maintain a normal weight, avoid excessive fatigue, stay up late, etc., and see a doctor regularly for relevant examinations to achieve early detection and early treatment.

3. Gallstones: The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder may increase the risk of gallbladder cancer. Gallstones can cause inflammation and chronic irritation of the gallbladder, which may eventually lead to cancer. If a patient has a long history of gallstones, high-risk screening is required, and cholecystectomy should be performed in the early stages of the disease to avoid the occurrence of gallbladder cancer.

4. Chronic cholecystitis: Long-term chronic cholecystitis, repeated stimulation and recurrent attacks of cholecystitis may cause cell damage and abnormal proliferation, thereby increasing the possibility of gallbladder cancer. Patients with chronic cholecystitis can take anti-inflammatory and choleretic tablets, phenylpropanol soft capsules,

Treatment is with drugs such as Danshu Capsules and ursodeoxycholic acid tablets. For recurrent biliary colic, gallbladder dysfunction, especially those with gallstones, surgical treatment is recommended, which can also prevent the occurrence of gallbladder cancer.

5. Gallbladder polyps: Gallbladder polyps may cause chronic inflammation and irritation of the gallbladder mucosa, which may cause abnormal cell proliferation and mutation, and eventually lead to cancer. Some gallbladder polyps may be a manifestation of intraepithelial neoplasia, and may also develop into malignant tumors. For gallbladder polyps with a diameter of less than 1 cm and a relatively regular shape, they can be checked every six months or one year; for gallbladder polyps with a diameter of more than 1 cm, single lesions with a wide base, polyps that are gradually enlarged, or those with combined gallstones and thickening of the gallbladder wall, surgical treatment is generally recommended.

For patients with early-stage gallbladder cancer without lymph node metastasis, simple cholecystectomy is usually performed; for patients with mid-stage gallbladder cancer whose tumor invades the muscularis mucosa and is prone to lymph node metastasis, radical gallbladder cancer surgery is required. If other extrahepatic organs are invaded, radical resection is required at the same time. At the same time, further chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be taken according to the patient's condition. Patients also need to eat a healthy diet in their daily lives and strictly control the intake of high-fat and high-protein foods to prevent gallbladder mucosal damage.