What is missing when there are spots on the face

The appearance of spots on the face is a very sensitive issue for female friends, but male friends may be relatively less concerned. Facial spots are not actually caused by something missing in the body, because some people have facial spots due to genetic factors, but they may also be caused by hypofunction of the adrenal cortex in the endocrine system.

Congenital or genetic factors

Congenital increase in the number of skin melanocytes causes excessive melanin deposition, common examples include Mongolian spots, nevus of Ota, nevus of Ito and other dermal melanocytes. Most of them are caused by abnormal specialization or aberration of melanocytes during cell development, which fail to enter the epidermis and remain in the dermis.

Endocrine and metabolic factors

The gonads secrete estrogen and courtship hormones, which can increase the amount of melanin. Such as pigment changes during pregnancy. Adrenal cortex hormone has the effect of inhibiting melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which can reduce melanin. When the adrenal cortex function is impaired, skin melanin may increase in Addison's disease. The thyroid gland promotes melanocytes to produce melanin, so when the thyroid gland is hyperfunctioning, the skin pigmentation may darken.

Physical factors

Ultraviolet rays can induce or aggravate certain pigmentation diseases, oxidize or reduce the sulfhydryl groups -SH in the epidermis, or directly act on melanocytes, leading to enhanced tyrosinase activity and increased melanin formation, causing skin pigmentation. Fire-induced erythema is caused by long-term direct exposure of the skin to mild thermal radiation, which accelerates the reaction of local tyrosine and tyrosinase, resulting in persistent erythema and pigmentation.

Chemical factors

Some chemicals and certain drugs cause pigmentation, but their pathogenesis may be different. Certain medications, taken internally or externally, can cause pigmentation. Skin medicines, heart medicines, and various oral contraceptives can all produce various spots.

Contact with chemical, radioactive and physical factors during work can cause pigmentation. Common causes include contact with asphalt, coal tar, heavy oil, etc., which can cause skin pigmentation.

Nutritional factors

The possible cause of abnormal darkening of skin pigmentation in malnourished people is vitamin deficiency. For example, follicular papules caused by vitamin A deficiency are allergic to photosensitivity and cause pigmentation in exposed areas. Scurvy, vitamin B deficiency, beggar's disease, malabsorption syndrome, etc. may also cause melanin deposition.

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Pigmentation often occurs after cutaneous or chronic inflammatory processes. The degree of pigmentation is related to the severity and duration of inflammation, but mainly depends on the nature of the skin disease and the patient's own skin luster. Hyperpigmentation is more pronounced and lasts longer in patients with dark skin or those who tan easily.

Tumor

Hyperpigmentation is common in some neoplastic diseases.

Other causes

For example, cosmetic diseases caused by tattoos and lip tattoos, because different pigments are used, the skin appears in different colors. There are also multiple other diseases, etc.