What tests are done to diagnose cervical cancer? What are the causes of cervical cancer?

I believe all female friends have heard of cervical cancer. This disease brings very serious consequences to female patients. Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy disease with a high incidence age of 30 to 35 years old. So do you know what are the common causes of cervical cancer?

What are the common causes of cervical cancer?

Sexual contact with high-risk men: Women who have sexual contact with high-risk men are prone to reproductive tract cancers such as cervical cancer. High-risk men refer to those who have penile cancer, prostate cancer, or whose ex-wives or sexual partners have had cervical cancer.

Multiple sexual partners: Studies have shown that multiple sexual partners are significantly correlated with the cause of cervical cancer. This is because sperm produces a sperm antibody after entering the vagina, which generally disappears completely in about 4 months. If you have many sexual partners and have intercourse too frequently, multiple antibodies will be produced, so people with too many sexual partners are also prone to cervical cancer.

Viral or fungal infection. Herpes simplex virus type II, human papillomavirus, human cytomegalovirus and fungal infection may be related to the occurrence of cervical cancer. However, the question of which virus is the main cause or which viruses work together to easily cause cervical cancer has not yet been resolved.

A variety of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in male smegma, especially the human papillomavirus that causes genital warts, can repeatedly and excessively stimulate the lower reproductive tract and cervical epithelium of young women too early, leading to chronic cervicitis and eventually transforming into cervical cancer.

The reason for secretion. Whether sex hormones promote the occurrence of cervical cancer is also a research question in recent years. Animal experiments have successfully induced squamous cell carcinoma in mice using estrogen, but there is no conclusive evidence that exogenous estrogen can induce cervical cancer in humans.

Three tests to diagnose cervical cancer

1. Vaginal cytology: Years of clinical practice have proven that vaginal cytology is a valuable method for detecting early cervical cancer. As cancer cells metabolize quickly, have poor cohesion, are easy to shed, and have simple sampling and examination methods with high accuracy, it is now widely used as the primary method for cervical cancer screening. The specimen collection, examination methods, and cancer cell characteristics of vaginal cytology are described.

2. Colposcopy: It can generally magnify 10 to 40 times and observe the surface epithelium and blood vessels of the cervix, which can improve the diagnostic accuracy of vaginal cytology and biopsy. At the same time, it can also avoid the abuse of cervical biopsy and unnecessary cone cutting. Some people believe that the value of colposcopy for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer is comparable to that of cytology, and the combination of the two can complement each other. Many authors have reported that the combination of cytology and colposcopy can make the early diagnosis accuracy rate as high as 98-99%.

3. Vaginal microscopic examination: It can magnify 100 to 300 times, and the cervix is ​​stained with 1% toluidine blue to observe the cell structure, and make a classification diagnosis based on the cell morphology, arrangement, size, nuclear size, morphology, color depth, and capillary images. However, this method cannot replace biopsy, so it is less practical.