Pulmonary artery obstruction

Nowadays, many people often have problems with their lung function, the most common of which is pulmonary artery obstruction. For symptoms like this, the main treatment is to let the patient stay in bed and increase oxygen intake to relieve the symptoms. However, in addition to this treatment, there are many other methods. The specific treatment method can be selected according to each person's physical condition.

1 General treatment: Absolute bed rest to relieve spasms and pain. Aminophylline, atropine, morphine, and papaverine can be used to relieve bronchial and vascular spasms and relieve pain. If heart failure or shock occurs, lanolin, dopamine, isoproterenol, and low-molecular-weight dextran can be used as appropriate.

2 Anticoagulant therapy: (1) Heparin therapy. (2) Vitamin K antagonists: Nutrients; or dicumarol. (3) Unless there are contraindications to thrombolytic therapy, thrombolytic therapy should be used within hours of onset. Such as streptokinase, urokinase, and recombinant tissue plasminogen. 3Surgical treatment: (1) Pulmonary embolism embolectomy. (2) Vena cava occlusion.

effect

The right atrium, one of the four chambers of the heart, receives venous blood flowing back to the heart from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, passes through the heart valves into the right ventricle, and then enters the pulmonary artery through the beating of the heart. The pulmonary artery spreads into countless capillary networks in the lungs that surround the alveoli.

Lesions

Pulmonary artery segmental prominence

Prominent pulmonary artery segment Prominent pulmonary artery segment is a manifestation of pulmonary hypertension. It refers to a persistent increase in pulmonary artery pressure caused by various reasons. When it exceeds the normal maximum value, it is pulmonary hypertension. Under normal circumstances, the pulmonary artery pressure at rest is 2.4~4.0/0.8~1.6 kPa (18~30/6~12 mmHg), and the average pressure is 1.7~2.3 kPa (13~17 mmHg). When the pulmonary artery systolic pressure exceeds 4.0 kPa (30 mmHg), the diastolic pressure exceeds 2.0 kPa (15 mmHg) or the mean pressure is higher than 2.7 kPa (20 mmHg), it is called pulmonary hypertension. A prominent pulmonary artery segment is seen.

Pulmonary hypertension

There are often no obvious symptoms in the early stages of pulmonary hypertension. Sometimes, although pulmonary hypertension has caused right ventricular hypertrophy and chronic hypertensive cor pulmonale, the symptoms are not necessarily obvious. Symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, dyspnea, or hemoptysis, palpitations, and hoarseness gradually appear between the ages of 20 and 40. Due to the decrease in cardiac output, there may be cold limbs, weak pulse, peripheral cyanosis, angina pectoris, syncope, etc. Cyanosis is often not serious in the early stage, but significant cyanosis may occur in the case of right-to-left shunt.

Pulmonary hypertension refers to a pulmonary artery mean pressure >3.33 kPa (25 mmHg) at rest or >4 kPa (30 mmHg) during exercise. Since pulmonary vascular resistance is the ratio of the difference between the mean pulmonary artery pressure and the mean pulmonary venous pressure to the pulmonary blood flow, that is, the mean pulmonary artery pressure is the sum of the mean pulmonary venous pressure plus the product of pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary blood flow, any factors that cause increased pulmonary venous pressure, pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary vascular resistance can cause pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is divided into two categories: primary and secondary. See pulmonary hypertension.