How to check for cervical precancerous lesions? Five causes of cervical precancerous lesions

In recent years, the incidence of cervical cancer has been increasing year by year, at a rate of 2% to 3% per year, and the patients are getting younger and younger. Clinically, cervical cancer patients aged 20 to 30 are not uncommon. Domestic and foreign scholars believe that the increase in the incidence of cervical cancer is related to factors such as early marriage, early childbearing, and sexual dysfunction.

Human papillomavirus (HpV) infection of the cervical epithelium is closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer. The occurrence and development of cervical cancer has a gradual evolutionary process, ranging from a few years to decades. It is generally believed that this evolutionary process has gone through several stages such as hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, early invasion and invasive cancer. Cervical precancerous lesions are a relatively long process, and the key to making intervention and treatment possible lies in census, early detection and treatment.

Cervical cancer is a preventable and curable gynecological malignancy. The key is to block the precancerous lesions of cervical cancer. Regular cancer prevention screening can not only detect cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer early, but also diagnose and treat them early. To rule out whether there are cervical precancerous lesions and early cervical cancer, the following "three steps" need to be completed.

Step 1: Cervical cytology examination: It is a method of scraping or brushing the exfoliated cells on the surface of the cervix with a wooden scraper or a small brush, and observing the changes in cell morphology under a microscope.

There are two methods for cervical cytology. One is the traditional Pap smear method, which has five diagnostic criteria: Pap smear grade I: normal, grade II: inflammation, grade III: suspected cancer, grade IV: highly suspected cancer. Grade V: cancer. The advantages of this method are that it is cheap and easy to check, but the disadvantages are that the cells in the specimens prepared by this method are piled together, making it difficult to observe and the diagnostic accuracy is low.

Therefore, it is recommended to cancel the Pap smear method in areas and hospitals with conditions: ② Liquid-based cytology: This method is to brush along the surface of the cervix and the endocervical canal several times to collect more cells and cover a wider range. The collected cells can be made into a single layer of cells after computer processing, and the doctor can see it at a glance when making a diagnosis. Therefore, the accuracy of diagnosis has been improved, but the equipment and technical requirements involved in this method are high, so it is expensive.

The diagnostic criteria of liquid-based cytology are roughly divided into the following categories: ① infection; ② reaction changes; ③ epithelial cell abnormalities: such as atypical squamous epithelial cells; low-grade or squamous epithelial lesions; squamous cell carcinoma; atypical glandular cells; cervical adenocarcinoma, etc.

Step 2: Colposcopy: A colposcope is an optical magnification system that can clearly show the location and extent of the lesion. The colposcopy camera system is connected to a computer and displays the image on the computer screen. The doctor and the patient can see the image during the examination, that is, the patient can see the effect of the examination and treatment, not what the doctor says. Colposcopy is a painless examination method, 20 cm away from the vaginal opening, and there is no need to worry about the examination causing iatrogenic infection.

Which patients need colposcopy? ① Abnormalities in the above cervical cytology, such as grade III Babinski disease or abnormal epithelial cells; ② Moderate to severe cervical erosion; ③ History of post-coital bleeding; ④ Recurrent vaginitis; ⑤ Patients or sexual partners with genital warts

Step 3: Cervical biopsy and pathological examination: Take a small piece of tissue from the lesion site indicated by the colposcopy for pathological examination, which is the gold standard for diagnosing cervical lesions. Prevention and treatment of cervical precancerous lesions: mainly regular or irregular screening and universal treatment.

The decline in the incidence of cervical cancer is mainly achieved through the treatment of cervicitis and cervical erosion. Active treatment of chronic cervicitis and cervical erosion is a powerful measure to prevent cervical cancer. Retinoic acid can be used to prevent cervical cancer. Retinoic acid is a derivative of vitamin A synthesized in my country, which has obvious anti-tumor effects, can treat atypical hyperplasia of cervical epithelium, and induce cell differentiation. Topical use of retinoic acid suppositories to block the onset of cervical cancer. Topical use of retinoic acid suppositories 1.5 grams/suppository, once a day (suppository), vaginal use, one course of treatment for three months, a total of two courses. After the first course of treatment, 27 cases showed an efficiency of 81. The effective rate was 88%. 89%. After the second course of treatment, 26 cases were effective, of which 24 cases had disappeared precancerous lesions.

The results showed that retinoic acid can reverse the normal cervical precancerous lesions, that is, the precancerous lesions disappear. Precancerous lesions can be blocked with retinoic acid without special equipment and technical conditions, and even patients can be taught to use it by themselves, without obvious damage to the liver and kidneys. When the concentration of retinoic acid is 0.5%, the stimulation is mild and patients are easy to accept. The supplementary step proves that retinoic acid has a high efficiency and low toxicity.

There are many methods for treating cervical precancerous lesions, such as cervical electrocautery, electric baking, freezing, laser treatment, etc. Cervical precancerous lesions have recently been treated with special light therapy. In the past 10 months, the efficiency of 40 patients exceeded 95%, and the cure rate exceeded 84%. 6% has special effects on chronic cervicitis and cervical erosion, with a high one-time cure rate. In addition, improving women's hygiene, taking frequent baths, actively treating cervical diseases; washing the foreskin of the penis of the spouse or early circumcision; and promoting premarital examinations are important tasks in preventing cervical cancer.