What are the methods for cervical cancer screening? What should we do to prevent cervical cancer?

Anita Mui, a famous Hong Kong singer, gave her just over four months from publicly admitting that she had cervical cancer to her death, which eventually led to her death. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in China after breast cancer. Let's take a look at the ins and outs of cervical cancer.

Four methods of cervical cancer screening

1. Colposcopy: When abnormalities are found in cervical cytology smear examination, a colposcopy is required to confirm the lesion. If necessary, multiple tissues can be taken for pathological examination to provide a basis for surgical treatment.

2. Virological testing: Current data on human papillomavirus (HpV) prove that genetic high-risk testing shows that HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions. HPV virus can be found in 8% of cervical cancer patients. The latest method for detecting HPV infection approved for clinical use includes hybridization capture method.

Method: Cervical cells are collected with a special small brush, which is non-invasive and painless for the patient. This method has a fairly high accuracy, but due to its high cost, it is usually only used in high-risk groups.

3. CCT - Americans developed a computer-assisted film reading system called the "brain network simulation system" for scanning traditional Pap coatings, namely CCT examinations. However, statistical studies have shown that the initial screening of this system is more sensitive than that of experienced professionals, so the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) laboratory quality control only approved it. After 2000, CCT has been replaced by a new generation of cytology automatic scanning systems.

4. TCT - One of the main reasons for missed or misdiagnosis of traditional Pap film coating is cell loss and poor coating quality. In the 1990s, the new Pap film cytology technology (TCT) emerged.

Method: The doctor puts the collected cells into a specimen bottle filled with cell preservation fluid and sends it to the laboratory. The production process is controlled by a computer program. The main steps are cell mixing; cell negative pressure collection; cell transfer. Its advantage is that impurities are removed and a clear single-layer cell coating is formed. Pathologists can see the diagnosis rate of cervical cancer, especially precancerous lesions, at a glance.

Four causes of cervical cancer

The cause of cervical cancer (i.e. cervical cancer) is still unclear. A large amount of data from home and abroad confirms that women who marry early, have children early, have multiple births, and have sexual dysfunction have a higher incidence of the disease. At present, some people also believe that the cholesterol in the smegma can be converted into carcinogens after being acted upon by bacteria. It is also an important cause of cervical cancer.

(1) Relationship with sexual life and marriage

The incidence of cervical cancer in women who have sex too early (before the age of 18) is four times that of those who have sex after the age of 18. If a woman has early sexual life and has sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis and gonorrhea, the incidence of cervical cancer is six times that of normal women. It has now been confirmed that if women have sex with multiple men, they have a greater chance of developing cervical cancer, while virgins rarely develop cervical cancer.

Unmarried and nulliparous women have little chance of contracting cervical cancer, and the incidence of multiple marriages is also high. Multiple births and poor perinatal maintenance and delivery processes can also increase the incidence of cervical cancer. However, multiple births do not increase the incidence of cervical cancer.

(2) Relationship with spouse

Some people believe that the relative risk of cervical cancer is higher for the wife of a husband with phimosis or prepuce. The chances of cervical cancer are higher for the wife of a man with penile cancer or prostate cancer or whose ex-wife has cervical cancer, or a man with a sexual partner.

(3) Viral or fungal infection

Herpes simplex virus type II, human papillomavirus, human cytomegalovirus, and fungal infections may be associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer. However, which virus mainly induces or under which virus coordination is prone to cervical cancer has not been resolved.

(4) Socioeconomic status and smoking

Cervical cancer usually occurs in women with lower social and economic status. Women who smoke are twice as likely to develop cervical cancer as non-smokers. In addition, different living habits in different regions may also affect the incidence of cervical cancer. Women's low immune function and bad mental factors are related to the occurrence of cervical cancer.

To prevent cervical cancer, you need to know these

1. Married women over 25 years old or who have had sex for more than three years should go to the hospital for regular checkups. Regular checkups are especially important for women with a family history of cervical cancer.

2. Multiple sexual partners and unhygienic sex life can lead to virus transmission. The accumulated smegma of the sexual partner's penis buds may contain carcinogens. Husbands with excessive foreskin should actively seek treatment. Pay attention to hygiene before and after sex to reduce the stimulation of the cervix by adverse factors.

The incidence of cervical cancer in women who marry early, have children early, and have many children is much higher than that in women who marry late, have children late, and have few children.

4. Generally speaking, women with cervical diseases are more likely to develop cervical cancer than women with smooth cervix. Women with cervical erosion or bleeding during sex should actively seek treatment.