Diagnostic measures for testicular cancer

Testicular cancer usually occurs in young men, but in recent years, the number of middle-aged and elderly people suffering from testicular cancer has gradually increased. Testicular cancer occurs in the private parts of men, and few men usually pay attention to testicular cancer. Early diagnosis can prevent testicular cancer from worsening. Here are some diagnostic measures for testicular cancer.

1. Clinical diagnosis

1) Based on the medical history and physical signs, if the testicles are found to be enlarged and feel like they are falling, without tenderness, and the sensitivity of the testicles is lost, testicular cancer should be considered first.

2) Ultrasound examination can be very helpful for diagnosis if it reveals enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes.

3) A positive urine HCG test is helpful in determining whether testicular cancer has trophoblastic components. AFP test is helpful in determining embryonal carcinoma.

4) X-ray examination can determine whether there is lung or bone metastasis.

5) CT examination: CT examination, with its comprehensiveness and clarity, can reflect the metastasis of the testicles and other parts of the body in a more detailed and precise manner. It is of great value in the clinical staging of testicular cancer, scientific comprehensive treatment, and prognosis guidance.

(II) Pathological diagnosis

When the diagnosis of testicular masses is unclear, surgical exploration can be performed. During the operation, the spermatic cord blood circulation is first blocked, and a testicular biopsy is performed and sent for frozen section examination. Once it is confirmed to be a tumor, the testicle can be removed.

(III) Differential diagnosis

1. Hydrocele cysts are cystic, soft and translucent, and normal testicles can be felt after the fluid is extracted. Hydrocele caused by filariasis causes edema of the scrotal skin and subcutaneous tissue, and often there is also edema.

2. Scrotal hematoma has a history of trauma, and those with organized scrotal hematoma should be distinguished from tumors.

3. Orchitis has inflammatory symptoms, including redness, swelling, heat and pain during acute attacks.

4. Epididymitis has inflammatory symptoms, but the testicles are normal.

5. Epididymal tuberculosis Epididymal beaded nodules, normal testicles.