How to check osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is a disease that has relatively uncommon symptoms after onset. According to a survey, about 20% of osteosarcoma cases have already metastasized to the lungs when diagnosed. Therefore, early diagnosis is very important for the treatment and prognosis of osteosarcoma. So how do you check for osteosarcoma? Let's learn about it together.

1. Laboratory examination of osteosarcoma

Laboratory examinations showed anemia, elevated or normal white blood cell count, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase.

2. X-ray examination of osteosarcoma

1. Changes in cancellous bone and medullary cavity The most characteristic change of osteosarcoma is bone hyperplasia, among which tumor-induced new bone formation is an important feature, mixed with reactive bone hyperplasia. X-rays show bone sclerosis and whitening. There are several types of changes in the cancellous bone and medullary cavity of the metaphysis: ① uniform ground-glass density increase; ② foggy, patchy or mass-like tumor new bone formation; ③ reactive bone sclerosis; ④ bone destruction.

2. Changes in the bone cortex In the early stage, the bone undergoes osteolytic destruction, and the bone density decreases, which is manifested as sieve-like thin translucent lines. Later, the cortical surface becomes uneven, and the bone density increases after the formation of tumor bone in the osteolytic area.

3. Periosteal reaction

① Linear or onion-skin-like periosteal reaction: The linear one is a very thin layer of periosteal new bone parallel to the bone shaft, while the onion-skin-like one is many layers.

②Vertical periosteal reaction: The new bone of the periosteal bone is oblique or perpendicular to the cortical bone, with a higher density on the outer edge, smooth and neat, and clear edges.

③Codman triangle (cuff syndrome) and solar radiation phenomenon.

3. CT examination of osteosarcoma

It can accurately display tumors, showing varying degrees of bone destruction on plain scans, and may also show irregular cortical thickening and bone sclerosis.

MRI examination of osteosarcoma

Its imaging characteristics depend on the main cell type in the tumor tissue and the presence or absence of hemorrhage and necrosis.