What are the symptoms of endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is a common malignant tumor among gynecological diseases. Endometrial cancer seriously threatens the physical health of female friends and brings certain mental pressure to them. Therefore, everyone should take more active preventive measures and avoid the occurrence of endometrial cancer from themselves. We also need to understand the pathological manifestations in the uterus. Let's take a look at it together.

1. The lesions are mostly found in the endometrium of the uterine fundus, mostly near the two horns of the uterus. They can be divided into diffuse and localized types according to the morphology and range of the lesions.

(1) Diffuse type: most or all of the endometrium

The endometrium is invaded by cancerous tissue. The cancerous foci often grow from the surface of the endometrium and protrude into the uterine cavity, filling the uterine cavity and even protruding from the cervix. The cancerous tissue is grayish white or light yellow, with bleeding and necrosis on the surface, and sometimes ulcers. Although the endometrium is widely involved, it rarely infiltrates the muscle layer. In the late stage, it invades the entire muscle wall and extends to the cervical canal. Once the cancerous foci block the cervical canal, it can cause pyometra.

(2) Localized: The cancer is confined to the uterine cavity, often at the bottom or corner of the uterus, and is polyp-like or cauliflower-like, with ulcers on the surface and easy bleeding. In the very early stage, the lesion is very small and can be completely removed by curettage. Localized cancer is prone to invade the myometrium. Sometimes, although the lesion is small, it has already infiltrated the deep myometrium.

2. There are many types of tissues for microscopic examination.

(1) Endometrial adenocarcinoma: 80-90% of cases. Endometrial glands are highly abnormally proliferating, with epithelial stratification and a sieve-like structure. Cancer cells are obviously atypia-like, with large, irregular, and darkly stained nuclei and active nuclear division. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas have fewer glands, the glandular structure disappears, and they form solid cancer masses.

The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO, 1988) proposed a three-level classification of endometrioid carcinoma. Grade I (well-differentiated adenocarcinoma): non-squamous or mulberry-shaped solid growth area ≤ 5%;

Grade II (moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma): non-squamous or mulberry-shaped solid growth areas account for 6-50%; Grade III (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma): non-squamous or mulberry-shaped solid growth areas > 50%.

(2) Adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation: Adenocarcinoma tissue contains squamous epithelial components. According to the benign and malignant nature of squamous epithelial cells, benign cells are glandular keratinizing carcinomas, malignant cells are squamous cell carcinomas, and cells in between are called adenocarcinoma with atypical squamous cell hyperplasia.

(3) Clear cell carcinoma: The cancer cells are solid sheets; arranged in glandular tubular or papillary shapes, with abundant and translucent cytoplasm, centrally located nuclei with atypical nuclei, or composed of hobnail-shaped cells. It is highly malignant and prone to early metastasis.

(4) Serous adenocarcinoma: complex papillary structures, slit-like glands, obvious cell stratification and bud-like structure formation, large nuclear atypia, and about 1/3 of patients with psammoma bodies. It is highly malignant and easily involves the muscle layer and blood vessels extensively; when there is no obvious muscle layer infiltration, peritoneal dissemination may also occur.

The above content is an introduction to the symptoms of endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer develops relatively slowly, so we hope that people can pay attention to this disease. The metastasis of endometrial cancer is mainly direct invasion. The treatment effect of endometrial cancer will be better. We should discover the disease as early as possible and treat the disease as early as possible to achieve good treatment results.