How should melanoma be diagnosed

How should melanoma be diagnosed? It is not difficult to diagnose melanoma. For a few atypical cases, pathological examination is required for confirmation. Indirect immunofluorescence-labeled melanin tissue, double PAP immunoenzyme labeling assay and pigmentogen examination are helpful for diagnosis. They are helpful for the diagnosis of "non-pigmented" or oligo-pigmented melanoma and for distinguishing benign nevus cell tumors and whether they have become malignant. Let's introduce the early diagnosis of melanoma.

1. Melanoma patients are generally older, and melanoma is rare in young people or children. In the early diagnosis of melanoma, for general tumors, age is only statistically significant, but in melanoma cases, age sometimes becomes one of the important bases for diagnosis.

2. The surface of a general mole is relatively smooth, while the surface of a melanoma is relatively rough. If a mole that was originally smooth suddenly becomes rough or nodular, you should pay attention. In the early diagnosis of melanoma, the color of a mole can be very dark, while a melanoma can be very light or contain no pigment. If the pigment is unevenly distributed, and the lesion area is rich in blood vessels, and there are satellite nodules or pigment diffusion on the periphery, you should be vigilant.

In terms of texture, moles are soft and tough, while melanomas are hard and brittle. Since the epidermal cells of melanomas can dissolve and ulcerate on their own, the formation of cracks or ulcers on the surface is a manifestation of its malignant nature. In the early diagnosis of melanoma, even if no ulcers have formed, bleeding without reason is also a dangerous signal.

Hairy moles are intradermal moles. Early diagnosis of melanoma rarely leads to malignant transformation. However, if hairy moles shed their hair on their own, it indicates that there are active lesions at the junction of the epithelium and dermis of the hair follicles. Such moles may become malignant and should be treated with caution. Follow-up observation or excision and biopsy should be performed.

3. Ulcer formation is one of the important clinical manifestations that distinguishes melanoma from moles, and it also has prognostic significance. When melanoma is diagnosed early, the prognosis of the ulcerated type is worse than that of the non-ulcerated type.