What are the main methods for examining lymphoma

Lymphoma can be divided into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma accounts for 90% of the total incidence and is divided into B-cell, T-cell and NK-cell types. Among them, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has the highest incidence, accounting for 30% to 40%. So what are the main methods for detecting lymphoma?

1. Blood picture: Generally nothing special in the early stage. Anemia is seen in the late stage or combined with hemolytic anemia. White blood cells are generally normal except for bone marrow involvement. Eosinophilia is common in HD.
2. Bone marrow image: Before the bone marrow is invaded by lymphoma, there is generally no abnormality. Finding branch cells in the bone marrow smear is valuable for diagnosis of HD.
3. Biochemical examination: accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate indicates that the disease is active; serum copper and ferritin increase as the disease progresses, and decrease during remission; zinc, on the contrary, increased alkaline phosphatase may indicate liver or bone involvement, and those with liver involvement may also have increased 5-nucleotidase, and hypercalcemia indicates bone invasion.
4. Immunological abnormalities: HD patients have reduced responsiveness to tuberculin and other stimuli, and reduced lymphocyte transformation rate in vitro, the degree of which is related to the progression of the disease.
6. Biopsy: This is an essential examination method for confirming the diagnosis, and the lymph nodes in the lower neck or armpit should generally be selected.
7. Mediastinoscopy: Mediastinoscopy can be used to enter the mediastinum for biopsy through the pleura, which is relatively simple and safe.
8. CT, MRI and sonographic examinations: can detect intrathoracic, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric lymph node lesions as well as liver and spleen lesions.