What are the examination items for gallbladder cancer

Gallbladder cancer is a common cancer that causes great harm to patients. It has certain clinical manifestations, but has certain limitations and is easily confused with other diseases. Therefore, instrument detection and accurate treatment are very important. The following is an introduction to the detection of gallbladder cancer.

1.B Ultrasound examination

B-ultrasound examination is simple, non-destructive, and can be used repeatedly, making it the preferred examination method. Endoscopic ultrasound uses a high-frequency probe to scan the gallbladder only through the stomach or duodenal wall, which significantly increases the detection rate of gallbladder cancer and can further determine the degree of tumor infiltration in each layer of the gallbladder wall.

2. CT scan

CT scan imaging changes of gallbladder cancer can be divided into three types:

(1) Thick wall type: The gallbladder wall is locally or diffusely thickened.

(2) Nodular papillary nodules protrude from the gallbladder wall into the gallbladder cavity.

(3) Solid type: The gallbladder wall is extensively infiltrated and thickened by the tumor, and the cavity is filled with cancerous masses to form a substantial mass. If the tumor invades the liver or metastasizes to the lymph nodes at the porta hepatis and pancreatic head, it can usually be seen on CT images.

3. Color Doppler blood flow imaging

The abnormal high-speed arterial blood flow signals detected in the gallbladder mass and wall are important features that distinguish primary malignant gallbladder tumors from gallbladder metastatic cancer or benign gallbladder masses.

4.ERCP

ERCP can detect gallbladder cancer in 73% to 90% of cases, but more than half of ERCP examinations fail to show the gallbladder.

5. Cytological examination

(1) Cytological examination can directly take a biopsy or extract bile to find cancer cells. The positive rate of cytological examination is not high, but combined with imaging examination, it can still make a diagnosis for more than half of gallbladder cancer patients.

(2) Tumor markers In the CEA immunohistochemistry study report of tumor specimens, the CEA positivity rate of gallbladder cancer is 100%. The serum CEA value of patients with advanced gallbladder cancer can reach 9.6ng/ml, but it is of no value in early diagnosis. Tumor sugar chain antigens such as CA19-9, CA125, and CA15-3 can only be used as auxiliary examinations for gallbladder cancer.

Through the above tests, gallbladder cancer can be effectively diagnosed. Early and timely diagnosis of the disease is of great help for future treatment. Gallbladder cancer patients should not be overly nervous. Although gallbladder cancer is a malignant tumor, with the rapid development of medical care, there are better methods.