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Gallbladder cancer always comes quietly, but when it occurs, it is really earth-shattering. Even so, many people still know very little about gallbladder cancer, which leads to people being at a loss when gallbladder cancer comes. The editor has collected some causes of gallbladder cancer for everyone, and I hope everyone can learn more about them.

1. Gallbladder stones: Gallbladder cancer is closely related to gallstones. The risk of gallbladder cancer in patients with gallstones is 4 to 5 times higher than that in those without gallstones. The earlier the age of gallstone onset, the greater the risk of gallbladder cancer. The risk of gallbladder cancer in patients with gallstones larger than 1 cm in diameter is 10 times greater than that in patients with gallstones smaller than 1 cm in diameter.

2. Chronic cholecystitis: Chronic cholecystitis is related to gallbladder cancer. Gallstones, chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder cancer often coexist. Gallbladder mucosa can evolve into carcinoma in situ through metaplasia, hyperplasia or polypoid changes. Studies have shown that the progression time from atypical hyperplasia of the gallbladder to advanced cancer is about 15 years.

3. Gallbladder adenoma: Gallbladder adenoma is divided into papillary adenoma, tubular adenoma, and tubulopapillary adenoma. Gallbladder adenoma is characterized by pedunculated and solitary, and is now recognized as a precancerous lesion of the gallbladder. It is generally believed that its canceration rate is about 10%. If combined with gallstones, the risk of canceration increases; if the tumor diameter is more than 10mm, the possibility of canceration is high.

4. Gallbladder adenomyosis: Gallbladder adenomyosis is a proliferative disease characterized by hyperplasia of the gallbladder mucosa and muscle layer, forming intramural diverticula, cysts, etc. In the past, it was believed that gallbladder adenomyosis had no possibility of canceration, but in recent years, there have been reports of gallbladder cancer occurring on the basis of gallbladder adenomyosis in Japan, France and other countries.

5. Malformation of the pancreatic-biliary junction: Malformation of the pancreatic-biliary junction, that is, the confluence of the pancreatic-biliary duct is a congenital malformation of the digestive system. The most reasonable explanation for the mechanism of abnormal pancreatic duct confluence causing gallbladder cancer is the reflux of pancreatic juice. The mechanism of pancreatic juice causing gallbladder cancer may be that the lecithin in the bile is hydrolyzed by the phosphate a2 in the pancreatic juice to produce defatted lecithin, which has the effect of damaging the cell membrane. It accumulates in the gallbladder wall and stimulates the gallbladder epithelium, causing epithelial cells to degenerate, atypically proliferate and even become cancerous.

6. Industrial carcinogens: Animal experiments show that nitrogen toluene, nitrosamines, etc. can cause gallbladder cancer.