How to prevent polyps from turning into colon cancer

Various chronic intestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and granulomas caused by schistosomiasis, are directly related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer. The longer the course of the disease, the higher the possibility of colorectal cancer. If patients have been found or suspected of having these diseases, they need to be treated in time and cured as soon as possible to avoid the risk of malignant transformation. Colon polyps are localized raised tumors located on the surface of the mucosa.

Intestinal polyps are growths that protrude from the intestinal mucosa into the intestinal cavity. They may be pedunculated or broad-based (without pedicles), with diameters ranging from a few millimeters to more than a few centimeters. Polyps are clinically classified into many types. The polyps associated with cancer are mainly a type called adenomatous polyps, which have a relatively higher rate of canceration than other polyps. For example, the rate of canceration of villous adenomas is higher than that of tubular adenomas; familial colorectal polyposis has a greater chance of canceration. Therefore, early detection of colorectal polyps and distinguishing the pathological types of polyps are also a major means of preventing colorectal polyps from becoming cancerous.

The disease can occur in all age groups, but it is more common in middle-aged people and increases with age. About 75% of polyps are found in the elderly over 60 years old, with more men than women. The reason may be related to differences in eating habits and endocrine. Some patients with colorectal polyps do not feel any discomfort in the early stage, which may be related to the small number and size of polyps. When the size of polyps is larger than 1 cubic centimeter or accompanied by ulcer bleeding, intussusception or intestinal obstruction, the following discomfort symptoms may occur:

1. Blood in stool: It is a common or first symptom. It is usually hidden blood in stool that is not visible to the naked eye and the bleeding is intermittent. In most patients, small dark red blood clots are mixed with the stool and appear like jam around the outer edge of the stool. Patients with an elderly history often have anemia and severe bleeding is rare.

2. Changes in bowel habits: Most patients suffer from constipation, diarrhea, or a feeling of unclean stool, a feeling of falling, or mucus in the stool, and are often misdiagnosed as chronic dysentery.

3. Abdominal pain: often manifested as dull pain in the lower abdomen.

4. Symptoms of chronic consumption: Malnutrition caused by poor absorption function of the diseased intestines, resulting in general fatigue, mental exhaustion, weight loss, etc.

5. Polyps prolapse outside the anus: In a small number of patients, pedunculated polyps located in the lower rectum may prolapse during defecation and often need to be manually reinserted.

80% of colorectal cancer is related to rectal adenoma. Therefore, patients with rectal adenoma need to have it removed as soon as possible to avoid malignant transformation. If a patient has the above symptoms, it is recommended to go to the hospital for a comprehensive and systematic examination as soon as possible to make a clear diagnosis and avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. The examinations that should be done include fecal occult blood test, rectal digital examination and fiber colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is the most important, which can directly see the size, shape and number of polyps or whether there is bleeding. At the same time, tissue can be bitten and sent for pathological examination to rule out cancer.

Patients with intestinal polyps should pay attention to strengthening physical exercise, improving physical fitness, exercising more in the sun, and changing sedentary lifestyles. Rectal cancer is also a lifestyle disease. Do not eat contaminated food, such as contaminated water, crops, poultry, fish eggs, moldy food, etc. Eat some green and black foods, such as vegetables, fungus, black beans, etc.