Pathological types of cervical cancer

Most invasive cervical cancers develop from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In a small number of patients, due to the relatively mature differentiation of cervical epithelial cells, the cancer cells at the base can rapidly develop into invasive cervical cancer without undergoing carcinoma in situ.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a group of diseases that develop continuously, including a series of diseases from mild atypical hyperplasia (CINI) to cervical carcinoma in situ. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a precancerous lesion of invasive cervical cancer. The average age of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is 15 years younger than the average age of patients with invasive cervical cancer, which also suggests that the occurrence of invasive cervical cancer is a slow process. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of all grades can naturally regress, or stabilize, or develop into invasive cervical cancer. But usually, the lower the grade of the tumor, the easier it is to stabilize or regress naturally, and the lower the rate of malignant transformation; the higher the grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, the easier it is to develop in the direction of invasive cervical cancer. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia often occurs at the junction of the squamous-columnar epithelium of the cervix.

Atypical cervical hyperplasia: It mostly originates from the epithelial layer above the basement membrane. Microscopically, it manifests as poorly differentiated cervical squamous epithelial cells, abnormal cell morphology, large, darkly stained, coarsened nuclei, different nuclear sizes, irregular shapes, increased nuclear division figures, pathological nuclear divisions, and disordered cell arrangement, but still maintains polarity. Atypical cervical hyperplasia is divided into three degrees: mild, moderate, and severe, based on the degree of cell atypia and the extent to which the atypical cells involve the epithelial layer.