How to perform surgical treatment for gallbladder cancer

Mr. Zhang is 60 years old this year. After the Spring Festival, he was found to have a space-occupying lesion in the gallbladder. He was diagnosed with mid-stage gallbladder cancer through B-ultrasound and MRI examinations. There was no extra-biliary bile duct involvement. The tumor size was 3.8×4.1×4.6. The patient has no pain and jaundice, but often has a low fever in the afternoon. Through lung function and heart function tests, the doctor said that his heart and lung function are still good and he can undergo surgery. Mr. Zhang's family is a little worried. The old man is not young anymore, and they are afraid that the surgical resection range is too small to be completely removed. They are also afraid that the patient cannot bear it if the surgical range is expanded.

Gallbladder cancer is highly malignant and difficult to detect in the early stages. Surgery is the first choice for treating gallbladder cancer. The selected surgical procedure varies depending on the development of the gallbladder cancer.

1. If the physical condition of patients with early gallbladder cancer permits, they should strive to surgically remove the diseased gallbladder as much as possible, and decide whether to perform extended removal surgery based on the pathological results.

2. When gallbladder cancer involves the gallbladder muscle layer, an extended clearance surgery should be performed to remove the lymph nodes draining the gallbladder area, the liver tissue near the gallbladder bed, and the soft tissue of the hepatoduodenal ligament. When the extrahepatic bile duct is involved, extrahepatic bile duct resection can be considered.

3. For patients with advanced gallbladder cancer who have lymph node metastasis, extended surgery will not significantly improve the survival rate. Whether surgery is needed should be analyzed based on the patient's physical condition and tumor development.