Staging standards for colon cancer

Colon cancer is a common digestive tract tumor. In the treatment of colon cancer, staging is of guiding significance for timely formulation of correct treatment plans and prognosis. my country divides colon cancer into six stages, and the TNM and Dukes staging systems have been used internationally.

Colon cancer staging in my country:

Stage 0: The cancer is in its early stages and is only in the innermost layer of the intestine.

Stage I: Cancer cells have invaded many areas of the colon lining.

Stage II: Cancer cells have spread beyond the intestines to surrounding tissues, but there is no lymph node metastasis

Stage III: Cancer cells have spread to nearby lymph nodes but have not spread to other parts of the body.

Stage IV: Cancer cells have spread to other parts of the body (colon cancer is more likely to metastasize to the liver and lungs first).

Recurrent stage: Recurrent colon cancer means that the cancer comes back after it has been cured. The cancer cells may come back in the intestine or in other parts of the body.

TNM staging used internationally:

T stands for primary tumor;

Tx: primary tumor cannot be estimated;

T0: no evidence of tumor;

Tis: carcinoma in situ;

T1: The tumor invades the submucosal layer or muscularis mucosa;

T2: involvement of the muscularis propria;

T3: invades the subserosa;

T4: penetrates the serosa;

Nx: Lymph nodes estimated by the meta-method;

N0: no lymph node metastasis;

N1: metastasis to 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes;

N2: metastasis to 4 or more regional lymph nodes;

Mx: distant metastasis cannot be estimated;

M0: no distant metastasis;

M1 has distant metastasis;

Dukes staging:

In stage A, the depth of cancer invasion is limited to the rectal wall, has not penetrated the deep muscle layer, and there is no lymph node metastasis.

Stage B cancer invades the serosa and may also invade the surrounding tissues outside the serosa or intestines, but it can still be removed in one piece without lymph node metastasis.

Stage C cancer invades the entire layer of the intestinal wall or does not invade the entire layer. Colon cancer is divided into stages, but is accompanied by lymph node metastasis: Stage C1 cancer is accompanied by metastasis to the paraintestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes near the cancer focus; Stage C2 cancer is accompanied by metastasis to the lymph nodes at the root of the mesentery, and can still be cured by resection.

Stage D cancer is accompanied by distant organ metastasis, extensive local infiltration or extensive lymph node metastasis and cannot be radically removed.