What are the complications of esophageal tumors?

Esophageal tumors are malignant tumors that occur in the esophageal epithelial tissue and are more common in people over 40 years old. Esophageal tumors have a variety of complications. They are more common in patients in the middle and late stages. So, what are the complications of esophageal tumors?

Complications of esophageal tumors include vomiting blood and bloody stools, which are mainly caused by tumor rupture; vocal cord paralysis and hoarseness may occur due to the metastasis of cancer cells; shortness of breath and irritating dry cough may occur due to further metastasis of the tumor compressing and invading the trachea and bronchi; cancer cells invading the phrenic nerve, vagus nerve, brachial plexus, etc., which may cause diaphragm paralysis, accelerated heart rate, and abnormal arm soreness; if the tumor compresses the superior vena cava, it can easily cause superior vena cava compression syndrome; metastasis to important organs of the human body such as the lungs, brain, and liver can cause jaundice, ascites, liver failure, difficulty breathing, and even coma and other serious complications.

In addition, if advanced ulcerative esophageal cancer develops severe cell ulceration and causes perforation, different complications of esophageal tumors may occur.

If the trachea is penetrated, it will cause esophageal tracheal fistula, which may cause complications of diet and cough. If it penetrates the mediastinum, it may cause mediastinitis, with symptoms such as chest tightness, chest pain, cough, fever, increased heart rate, and elevated white blood cell count. If it penetrates the lungs, it may easily cause lung abscess, with high fever, cough, and purulent sputum. If it penetrates the aorta, it may cause esophageal aortic fistula, which may cause massive bleeding and lead to death.

Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Once the above complications occur, it means that the esophageal cancer is in the late stage and can rarely be cured by surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It can only prolong the patient's survival period to varying degrees and improve their quality of life.

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