What causes gallbladder cancer

Gallbladder cancer ranks first among malignant tumors of the gallbladder. In the early stage of gallbladder cancer, there is no specific clinical manifestation or only symptoms of chronic cholecystitis. Early diagnosis is very difficult. Once persistent pain, mass, jaundice and other lesions appear in the upper abdomen, it has reached the late stage and various examinations also show abnormalities.

The cause of gallbladder cancer is still unclear, but the following factors are related.

1. Ulcerative colitis

The incidence of biliary tumors in this type of patients is 10 times that of the general population, but the exact cause is unknown and may be related to changes in bile acid metabolism.

2. Abnormal common channel of bile duct

This situation can easily lead to the flow of membrane fluid into the biliary system. The activated membrane enzymes can damage the gallbladder epithelium and cause chronic inflammation, gradually leading to atypical hyperplasia and cancer.

3. Gallbladder adenoma and adenomyomatous hyperplasia

Gallbladder adenoma is a benign tumor originating from the mucosal epithelium, but in recent years it has been found to have a high rate of canceration. Tumors larger than 10 mm, without sessile or with a wide base have a greater chance of canceration. The disease has now been basically identified as a precancerous lesion and is receiving increasing attention.

4. Gallstones

Many studies have suggested that gallstones are one of the important causes of gallbladder cancer, because the proportion of gallbladder cancer with gallstones is as high as 60%-100%, and the rate of gallbladder stone patients suffering from gallbladder cancer in the future can reach 3%-14%, which is several times higher than those without stones. Moreover, the larger the stone, the higher the risk of gallbladder cancer. It is generally believed that this is related to the long-term stimulation of gallstones on the gallbladder mucosa or the concurrent chronic inflammation leading to gallbladder mucosal hyperplasia, and then atypical hyperplasia and canceration.

5. Others

People who are frequently exposed to carcinogens, such as rubber workers, have a higher incidence of gallbladder cancer. There are also reports that abnormal cholesterol metabolism, estrogen and obesity are associated with the incidence of gallbladder cancer, but further research and confirmation is needed.

Through the above explanation, we know which factors may cause gallbladder cancer. I believe everyone has a general understanding of the cause of gallbladder cancer. I hope this article can help you or your friends. This article is for reference only. If you have other questions, please consult our experts online.

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