What are the risk factors for bladder cancer?

What are the causative factors of bladder cancer? Let us now ask an expert to introduce this issue to you.

The etiology of bladder tumors is complex and the true cause is not yet fully understood. According to the results of clinical observations and experimental studies, it may be related to the following factors:

(1) Exogenous carcinogens:

It was noticed early on that workers directly engaged in aniline dyes in industrially developed countries have a particularly high incidence of bladder cancer, and the incidence increases with the length of service. Later, clinical observations and experimental studies found that B-naphthylamine and benzidine compounds are related to carcinogenesis. It was further found that the concentration of metabolites of these substances, such as 2-amino-1-phenol sulfate, excreted in urine is 200 times higher than the normal value. If the urine is diverted and not discharged through the bladder, the bladder tissue will not become cancerous. In addition, smoking and carcinogens encountered in daily life are also considered to be one of the causes of bladder cancer.

(2) Endogenous carcinogens:

Abnormal tryptophan and niacin metabolism, the intermediate products of which are o-hydroxyaminophenols, can directly affect the synthesis of RNA and DNA in cells and have carcinogenic properties. The tryptophan metabolites in the urine of bladder cancer patients increase.

(3) Other carcinogenic factors:

After contracting schistosomiasis haematobium, bladder tumors are likely to occur due to the stimulation of schistosomiasis eggs in the bladder wall. In my country, schistosomiasis is caused by schistosomiasis japonicum, which does not cause this disease. Bladder mucosal leukoplakia, glandular cystitis, stones, long-term urine retention, and certain viral infections are also one of the causes of bladder tumors.

Pathology is related to the tumor's tissue type, degree of cell differentiation, growth pattern, and depth of invasion, among which cell differentiation and depth of invasion are the most important. The tumor is most common on the lateral and posterior walls of the bladder, followed by the triangular area and the top, and can occur in multiple centers. Bladder tumors can be accompanied by renal pelvis, ureter, and urethral tumors either sequentially or simultaneously.

The spread of bladder tumors mainly infiltrates deep into the bladder, even to the tissues outside the bladder. Lymphatic metastasis is common. About 50% of the lymphatic vessels of patients who infiltrate the superficial muscle layer contain control cells, while almost all lymphatic vessels of patients who infiltrate the deep muscle layer contain cancer cells. When bladder cancer infiltrates the tissues surrounding the bladder, most of them have already metastasized to distant lymph nodes. Hematogenous metastasis usually occurs in the late stage, mainly to the liver, lungs, bones, skin and ribs, etc. Patients with poorly differentiated tumor cells are prone to infiltration and metastasis.

The above is some knowledge about the causes of bladder cancer that we have prepared for you today. We hope it will be helpful to you. If you have any other needs, you can also consult our online consulting experts. We are always here to answer your questions and give you more detailed guidance.

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